Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Adrenal Cortex
|
Cortisol, glucocorticoids and aldosterone
|
|
|
Cortisol
|
controls use of fats, carbs and proteins
|
|
|
Glucocorticoids
|
suppresses inflammatory response
|
|
|
Aldosterone
|
sodium control
|
|
|
Diabetes type II
|
lack of glucose that enters bloodstream and unable to enter all resulting in buildup of glucose in blood
|
|
|
Addison's disease
|
Decreased production of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, & androgens
|
|
|
Adrenal Medulla
|
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine: fight or flight response
|
|
|
Fight or flight
|
tachycardia, vasoconstriction, bronchodialation, glucolysis
|
|
|
Complication of diabetes
|
DKA- diabetic ketoacidosis
|
|
|
Hypoglycemia
|
not enough insulin
|
|
|
Ketoacidosis
|
Production of ketones
|
|
|
Thyroid hormones
|
T3 & T4
|
|
|
TSH
|
stimulates thyroid
|
|
|
hypothyroid
|
Decreased manufacture or secretion of TSH
|
|
|
Hypothyroid can cause
|
goiter
|
|
|
iodine
|
primary substrate of active thyroid hormone
|
|
|
hypothyroidism S/S
|
Weight loss
cold intolerance depression dry skin/hair |
|
|
TH essential for fetal growth
|
-– may result in mental and physical retardation
|
|
|
Disorders of the Pancreas
|
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Neuropathies Microvascular Changes: Microangiopathy Diabetic Ulcers |
|
|
Cells NOT affected by DM
|
Brain cells
Exercising skeletal muscles |
|
|
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
|
Absolute lack of insulin caused by loss of beta cells
|
|
|
Cause of DM type I
|
genetic; autoimmune (islet cell autoantibodies)
|
|
|
Peak onset of DM type I
|
age 11-13 yr
|
|
|
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
|
dysfunction of the endocrine pancreas
|
|
|
Symptoms DM-type I
|
hyperglycemia
polyuria ketoacidosis diabetic coma |
|
|
Type 2 DM
|
More common in Native Americans, Hispanics, Blacks
Greatest risk factor: OBESITY |
|
|
Gestational DM
|
Develops during pregnancy.
Increased morbidity and fetal mortality if not caught & treated |
|
|
Diabetic Neuropathies
|
Cell damage from increased glucose levels leads to nerve degeneration & delayed conduction
|
|
|
Microangiopathy
|
High blood glucose causes changes in capillary membrane
Membrane becomes thick, hard Results in obstruction or rupture of capillaries & small arteries Leads to decreased tissue perfusion, hypoxia, ischemia |
|
|
Microvascular Complications of DM
|
Eyes: diabetic retinopathy, blurring of eyesight , blindness
|
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism
|
Results in increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) where calcium leaves the bone
|
|
|
Hypoparathyroidism
|
most often from damage to parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery
Decreased calcium , ↑ phosphate Weak cardiac muscle contractions |
|
|
Gigantism & Acromegaly
|
too much Growth Hormone
|
|
|
Too little GH and problems with increased growth hormone secretion
|
dwarfism
|
|
|
acromegaly
|
abnormal thickening of the bone
|
|
|
Grave’s Disease
|
Autoimmune – antibodies against the TSH receptor
Causes increased secretion of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland |
|
|
Hypocalcemia
|
low serum calcium levels in the blood
|
|
|
Parathyroid is responsible for the balance of
|
calcium
phosphorus Vit D |
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism
|
Results in increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium leaves the bone
|
|
|
Hypoparathyroidism
|
most often from damage to parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery
|
|
|
Cretinism
|
lack of growth hormone
|
