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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hormone responsiveness depends on? |
Hormone concentration Abundance of target cell receptors Influences from other hormones |
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Alpha cells |
Produce glucagon |
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Beta cells |
Secrete insulin |
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Effects of insulin |
Accelerates glucose uptake Glycogen formation Triglyceride formation Amino acid absorption |
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Type 1 diabetes |
Body’s immune system destroys beta cells Not linked to obesity Usually strikes children |
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Type 2 diabetes |
Insulin resistance Linked to obesity |
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Gestational diabetes |
Glucose intolerance during pregnancy Treatment to normalize glucose level to avoid complications |
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Prediabetic |
Term used to distinguish people who are at increase risk of developing diabetes |
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IFG |
Fasting blood sugar is between 100-125 but not high enough to be diabetes |
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IGT |
Blood sugar level after glucose intolerance test is 140-199 but not high enough to be diabetes |
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Normal blood sugar ranges |
Fasting 70-100 Pre-diabetic 100-125 Diabetes over 125 Glucose tolerance <140 is normal >200 is diabetic |
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Glycosylated hemoglobin test (A1C) |
Monitors glucose level over months <5.7-normal 5.7 to 6.4- prediabetic >6.4- diabetic |
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Diabetic ketoacidosis |
More common in type 1 Insufficient insulin in blood High blood glucose May be caused by dosage error, diet change, alcohol intake, or exercise Acetone breath, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance |
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Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic (HHNK) |
Occurs in type 2 diabetes Results in severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance |
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Endocrine disorders |
Reflect impaired control or feedback Excess hormone levels or deficit of hormone Tests are serum hormone levels, radioimmunoassay, immunochemical methods |
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Calorigenic effect |
Cell consumes more energy resulting in increased heat generation |
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Hypoparathyroidism |
Leads to hypocalcemia May be caused by a tumor |
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Hyperparathyroidism |
Results in hypercalcemia Secondary to renal failure Paraneoplastic syndrome |
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Goiter |
Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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Graves’ disease |
Autoimmune factor Hypermetabolism Increased stimulation of SNS Exophthalmos ( protruding staring eyes) IgG binds to TSH receptors |
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Thyroid storm |
Untreated or under treated individuals with hyperthyroidism High mortality rate |
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Diabetes insipidus |
Deficit of ADH Partial or total inability to concentrate urine |
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Pheochromocytoma |
Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla |
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Cushing’s syndrome |
Excessive level of glucocorticoids Upper body obesity Moon face Purple marks (striae) Back and bone aches Can be life threatening if untreated |
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Addison’s disease |
Deficiency of adrenocorticoid secretions Weakness, weight loss, salt craving |
