Emt-B - Allergic Reactions And Anaphylaxis

Front 1

What is an Allergic Reaction

Back 1

Exaggerated immune response to any substance

Front 2

What is a Systemic Allergic reaction

Back 2

Anaphylaxis

An exaggerated immune response to any substance that involves the entire body

Front 3

What are the signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis

Back 3

Airway swelling and Bronchoconstriction

Blood vessel dilation and leaking capillaries

Front 4

What are the three key players in an Allergic Reaction

Back 4

Immune System - Fights off Foreign bodies
Antigens - The foreign body
Allergens - The antigen that causes an allergic response

Front 5

Name 3 routes that antigens can enter the body

Back 5

Through the skin
The GI tract
The respiratory system

Front 6

What is Sensitization

Back 6

a reaction in which exposure to an antigen produces antibodies; can be induced by immunization, in which an attenuated pathogen is introduced into the body.

Front 7

True or False The allergen is usually harmless to the patient, but the response can be life threatening

Back 7

True

Front 8

Name 7 common allergens

Back 8

Insect bites
Medications
Plants
Animals
Food
Chemicals
Mold

Front 9

How do allergens enter the body

Back 9

Injection
Ingestion
Inhalation
Absorption

Front 10

What do Heathcare Providers develop a sensitivity to

Back 10

Latex

Front 11

What are MAST cells

Back 11

Cells locate in the connective tissue around the heart and lungs and vessels
thought to have been produced by bone marrow

Front 12

What are Basophils

Back 12

Immature MAST Cells that circulate in the blood

Front 13

TRUE or False
As long as antibodies are attached to the cells, the person is said to be "Sensitized" to the substance that generated the antibodies

Back 13

True

Front 14

Name two chemical mediators released by MAST and Basophil cells

Back 14

Histamines
Leukotrines

Front 15

What effects do histamines have on the body

Back 15

Smooth muscle contraction
Vasodilation
Increased capillary leakage

Front 16

What effect do Leukotrines have on the body

Back 16

They cause prolonged slow contraction of smooth muscle

Front 17

What is another name for Hives

Back 17

Urticaria

Front 18

What are the signs and symptoms of an Allergic reaction in the skin

Back 18

Warm feeling or tingling of the face, mouth, chest, feet, and hands (Early Sign)
Intense itching of the skin
Urticaria
Flushed or red skin
Swelling of lips, tongue, face , etc
Cyanosis (Late Sign)

Front 19

What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction in the respiratory system

Back 19

Lump feeling in the throat
Tightness in the chest
High-Pitched cough
Tachypnea
Labored breathing
Wheezing, strider, etc
Difficulty speaking
Partially or completely obstructed airway

Front 20

What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction in the Cardiovascular system

Back 20

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Irregular Pulse
Absent radial pulse

Front 21

What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction in the CNS

Back 21

Increased Anxiety
Lightheaded
Disorientation
Restlessness
Headache
Seizures
Unresponsiveness

Front 22

What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction in the Gastrointestinal System

Back 22

Nausea and Vomiting
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Difficulty swallowing
Loss of bowel control
Urgent need to urinate
Cramping of the uterus

Front 23

What are the Generalized signs and Symptoms of an allergic reaction

Back 23

Itchy, watery eyes
Runny or stuffy nose
Complaints of "Not feeling Well"
Sense of impending doom

Front 24

What are the signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis

Back 24

Systemic reaction
Airway compromise
Urticaria
Shock (Late Sign)

Front 25

What is the difference between a localized allergic reaction and Anaphylaxis

Back 25

One is systemic and possibly fatal and the other is not

Front 26

What is Epinephrine

Back 26

A vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator

Front 27

What are the side effects of epinephrine

Back 27

Increased heart rate, Pallor, Dizziness, chest pain, headache, N&V, Excitability

Front 28

What is the route and dose for Epinephrine

Back 28

IM
.3mg for adults
.15mg for children

Front 29

What is the effective time frame for epinephrine

Back 29

Takes effect in seconds but lasts only 10-20 minutes

Front 30

What is the weight break for epinephrine dose

Back 30

66 pounds

Front 31

What is Epinephrine

Back 31

A vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator

Front 32

What are the side effects of epinephrine

Back 32

Increased heart rate, Pallor, Dizziness, chest pain, headache, N&V, Excitability

Front 33

What is the route and dose for Epinephrine

Back 33

IM
.3mg for adults
.15mg for children

Front 34

What is the effective time frame for epinephrine

Back 34

Takes effect in seconds but lasts only 10-20 minutes

Front 35

What is the weight break for epinephrine dose

Back 35

66 pounds

Front 36

True or False. Bites and Stings are more common in warmer climates

Back 36

True

Front 37

True or False.
Although most people fear snake bites more, the emergencies arising from insect bites and stings are more common

Back 37

True

Front 38

What is a Wheal

Back 38

Whitish, firm elevation of the skin that occurs after an insect bite or sting

Front 39

How do you remove insect stingers

Back 39

Credit card or other straight edge across the stinger

Front 40

Describe a Brown Recluse Bite

Back 40

Blueish discoloration, followed by bulls-eye appearance and ulcer

Front 41

When do brown recluse bite normally happen

Back 41

Summer Months

Front 42

What is the typical care for spider bites

Back 42

Scene safe
Oxygen
Remove constricting jewelry
Ice pack
Lower injection site below heart if possible

Front 43

Name two diseases carried by ticks

Back 43

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Lyme Disease

Front 44

True or False

Scorpion Stings are lethal

Back 44

False. Most Scorpion Bites are only Painful

Front 45

How can you identify Lyme Disease

Back 45

Bulls eye mark and painful joints

3 days for symptoms to begin

Front 46

How can you identify RMSF

Back 46

N&V
Headache
Weakness
Paralysis
Possible Cardiorespiratory collapse
Develops 7 to 10 days after bite

Front 47

Name 3 local pit vipers/snakes

Back 47

Cottonmouth
Rattlesnake
Copperhead

Front 48

What is the recommended BLS treatment for Pit viper bites

Back 48

calm patient
locate bite and clean area
DO NOT apply ice or constricting band
Splint area
Give patient nothing my mouth

Front 49

What is the key phrase to remember with Coral snake bites

Back 49

Red on yellow will kill a fellow, red on black venom lack

Front 50

True or False

All dog bites should be considered infectious until proven otherwise

Back 50

True

Front 51

What type of bandage do you place on a dog bite to the arm. To avulsion of the nose or other exposed cartiledge

Back 51

Dry sterile

Moist sterile

Front 52

What is a coelenterate and name 4 kinds

Back 52

Marine animals

Portuguese MOW
Jelly fish
Sea anemone
Fire coral

Front 53

Describe Coelenterate stings

Back 53

Thousands of stinging cells called nematocytes nemo -ti- citeare discharged
Painful reddish lesions

Front 54

How to treat coelenterate stings

Back 54

Minimize patient movement to prevent further discharge of venom
Inactivate nematocytes with Alcohol
Remove remaining tentacles by scraping them off