Ems Basic Chapter 8

Front 1

Things necessary for normal cell function

Back 1

Oxygen and glucose

Front 2

One fundamental purpose of emergency care

Back 2

Maintaining adequate delivery 9f oxygen and glucose

Front 3

Cellular metabolism

Back 3

Body breaks down glucose to produce energy

Front 4

By products of aerobic metabolism

Back 4

Heat carbon dioxide and water

Front 5

Important cell function that requires atp

Back 5

Sodium potassium pump

Front 6

Sodium

Back 6

Outside the cell (meaning they were inside before)

Front 7

Potassium

Back 7

Inside the cell (meaning they were outside before)

Front 8

Glucose broken down without the presence of oxygen produces

Back 8

Pyruvic acid-->lactic acid(harmful to cell/body funtion) and small amount of atp

Front 9

1st stage and 2nd stage of cellular metabolism

Back 9

1. Anaerobic---> cytosal

2. Aerobic---> mitochondria

Front 10

Perfusion

Back 10

Delivery of oxygen glucose and other nutrients to cells as well as elimination of waste from cells

Front 11

Ambient air percentages

Back 11

79% nitrogen

21% oxygen

1% trace amounts of carbon dioxide

Front 12

FiO2 is the fraction of

Back 12

Inspired oxygen

Front 13

Carbon monoxide and cyanide disrupts the ability of

Back 13

Blood to carry oxygen to the cells

Front 14

Hypoxia

Back 14

Lack of oxygen

Front 15

Boyles law

Back 15

Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure

Front 16

Pressure of atmospheric air

Back 16

760 mmHg at sea level

Front 17

Prior to inhalation, pressure in chest is

Back 17

758 mmHg

Front 18

During exhalation pressure of air is

Back 18

761 mmHg in chest

Front 19

Air flows from

Back 19

Higher pressure to lower pressure

Front 20

Minute volume

Back 20

Tidal volume × frequency of ventilation

Front 21

Average minute volume

Back 21

500 ml × 12/ minute= 6000 ml

Front 22

Increase in ventilatory rate can

Back 22

Compensate for reduced tidal volume ...to a point

Front 23

Low tidal volume may lead to

Back 23

Insufficient volume of air reaching alveoli for gas exchange

Front 24

Dead air space

Back 24

Air that doesn't reach alveoli

Front 25

Amount of actually air out of 500 ml that reaches alveoli

Back 25

350 ml

Front 26

Chemo receptors both central and peripheral...

Back 26

Monitor the pH co2 and o2 levels in arterial blood

Front 27

Central receptors are located

Back 27

Near the respiratory center in the medulla

Front 28

Peripheral chemorecpetors are located

Back 28

In the aortic arch and the carotid bodies

Front 29

COPD patients have a tendency to retain

Back 29

CO2

Front 30

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) patients respiration are controlled by decreased oxygen levels

Back 30

Hypoxic drive

Front 31

3 types of receptors in lungs that regulate respiration

Back 31

1. Irritant

2.stretch

3. J receptors

Front 32

Irritant receptors

Back 32

Found in airways, sensitive to gases and stimulate coughing and bronchoconstriction

Front 33

Stretch receptors

Back 33

Found in smooth muscle of airways, protect in inflammation of lungs

Front 34

J receptors

Back 34

Found in capillaries surrounding alveoli, they stimulate rapid and shallow ventilation

Front 35

Respiratory control centers in the brain

Back 35

Dorsal group--medulla oblongata further input to Ventral on rate and depth

Ventral group--medulla oblongata, controls basic pattern of breathing, sends sensory input to spinal chord to stimulate diaphragm and intercontinental muscles

Pontine group--sends signals to Ventral to turn off inhalation

Front 36

V/Q rate

Back 36

Ventilation and perfusion rate in alveolar capillaries

Front 37

1000 ml of oxygen are delivered to the cells every

Back 37

Minute

Front 38

Hemoglobin have ___ iron molecules

Back 38

4 and each one can bind to a molecule of oxygen

Front 39

Oxygen bound hemoglobin

Back 39

Oxyhemoglobin

Front 40

Non oxygen bound hemoglobin are called

Back 40

Deoxyhemoglobin

Front 41

Oxygen is carried through the blood

Back 41

98 % Ish bound to hemoglobin

2% Ish in plasma

Front 42

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as

Back 42

7% In plasma

23 % attached to hemoglobin

70% as bicarbonate

Front 43

Hydrostatic pressure

Back 43

Generated by the contraction of the heart and the blood pressure. Exerts a push inside the vessel or capillary

Front 44

Plasma oncotic pressure

Back 44

Keeps fluid in the blood vessels

Front 45

CO (cardiac output)

Back 45

Heart rate × stroke volume

Front 46

Frank starling law of the heart

Back 46

(Rubber band theory) as blood fills the left ventricle, it stretches the muscle fibers, that stretch determines the force available to eject the blood from the ventricle

Front 47

SVR

Back 47

SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE

Front 48

Pulse pressure

Back 48

Difference between the systolic and diastolic BP

Front 49

Narrow pulse pressure

Back 49

(Systolic- diastolic) × 25%

Front 50

3 regulatory influences that control blood flow through capillaries

Back 50

Local (temp, hypoxia, acidosis, histamine), neural( sympathetic and parasympathetic NV) and hormonal factors (EPINEPHRINE)

Front 51

Blood pressure =

Back 51

CO × SVR

Front 52

Shock

Back 52

The insufficient delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body's cells and inadequate elimination of waste that results from inadequate circulation of blood

Front 53

Preload

Back 53

The pressure generated in the left ventricle at the end of diastole

Front 54

Stroke volume

Back 54

The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction

Front 55

Blood composition

Back 55

🔹45 % formed elements

-42to48 percent red blood cells

-white blood cells

-platelets

🔹55% plasma

-91 percent water

- plasma proteins...albumin, clotting factor and antibodies

Front 56

Adults have ____ml of blood per kg of body weight

Back 56

70 ml

Front 57

Minute volume

Back 57

Respiratory rate × tidal volume

Front 58

Back 58

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Back 59

Front 60

Back 60

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