Embryology-07-Respiratory Development

Front 1

lung formed by

Back 1

endoderm and mesoderm. endoderm=epithelium of lungs, splanchnic mesoderm makes up cartilage, musc., blood vessels etc.

Front 2

where does lung develop

Back 2

outgrowth of foregut

Front 3

If mother is much larger than she should be, suspect?

Back 3

polyhydramnios

Front 4

two types of fistula in lung development

Back 4

tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophageal atresia

Front 5

what is polyhydramnios

Back 5

because of fistula, fluid cannot pass to stomach or intestines for absorption, and transfer through placenta to mothers blood for disposal. Fluid instead stays in the amnion = polyhydramnios = “too large for dates”

Front 6

why do fistulas occur

Back 6

abnormal connection between epithelia

Front 7

lung development – order of structures

Back 7

trachea, R&L main bronchi, lobar bronchi, many divisions, alveoli

Front 8

growth of lung depends on

Back 8

physical space, presence of fetal lung fluid, amniotic fluid (allows for chest expansion), fetal breathing movements, phrenic nerve innervation of diaphragm, hormonal influences

Front 9

stimuli for breathing at birth

Back 9

temperature, pain, and hypoxia – change in chemoreceptor sensitivity

Front 10

why do lungs stay inflated

Back 10

surfactant lowers surface tension, elastic tissue forces

Front 11

hyaline membrane disease also known as

Back 11

respiratory distress syndrome – not enough surfactant

Front 12

not enough surfactant can cause

Back 12

stiffer lung (low compliance), more work to breath, respiratory fatigue, alveolar volume goes down, hypoxia, acidosis, then pulmonary vasoconstriction so less blood to lungs, so pulmonary blood flow down, lung metabolism down… baby can die, both of exhaustion and asphyxiation