Eidws Common Core 108 Macie

Front 1

Define the following term:

Host/Client

Back 1

Host/Client architecture allows for multiple clients to connect and share resources on a host(s) servers

Front 2

Define the following term:

Application Server

Back 2

Is a server that is designed for or dedicated to running specific applications for individual clients in order to keep resources available for other tasks

Front 3

Define the following term:

Hub

Back 3

Is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair of fiber optic Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment

Front 4

Define the following term:

Switch

Back 4

Is a computer networking device that connects network segments

Front 5

Define the following term:

Router

Back 5

Is a device that interconnects two or more computer networks, and selectively interchanges packets of data between them

Front 6

Define the following term:

WAP

Back 6

Is a open international standard for application-layer network communications in a wireless-communication environment

Front 7

Define the following term:

Proxy Server

Back 7

Is a server (a computer system or an application program) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers

Front 8

Define the following term:

Firewall

Back 8

Is a device which is configured to permit or deny computer applications/services based upon a set of rules and other criteria

Front 9

Define the following term:

VPN Concentrator

Back 9

Device that provides coast saving through flexible, reliable, and high performance connectivity via remote-access solutions over public or non-secure physical liens

Front 10

Define the following term:

Back-up

Back 10

Up-to-date network resources that are available on hand if network files become corrupt and or/unusable

Front 11

Define the following term:

Repeater

Back 11

Is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and or/higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances

Front 12

Define the following layers of routing and common devices associated with:

Access

Back 12

Access routers, including small officer/home office (SOHO) model, are located at customers sites such as branch offices that do not need hierarchical routing of their own

Front 13

Define the following layers of routing and common devices associated with:

Distribution

Back 13

Distribution routers aggregate traffic from multiple access routers, either at the same site, or to collect the data streams from multiple sites to a major enterprise location. Distribution routers often are responsible for enforcing quality of service across WAN, so they may have considerable memory, multiple WAN interfaces, and substantial processing intelligence

Front 14

Define the following layers of routing and common devices associated with:

Core

Back 14

A core router may provide a "collapsed backbone" interconnecting the distribution tier routers from multiple buildings of a campus, or large enterprise locations. They tend to be optimized for high bandwidth

Front 15

Explain the following network terminology:

Star Network

Back 15

One of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central switch, hub, or computer, which acts as a conduit to transmit messages

Front 16

Explain the following network terminology:

Bus Network

Back 16

Architecture in which a set of clients are connected via a shard communication line. If the terminal or client goes offline, anything behind it in the line is also offline

Front 17

Explain the following network terminology:

Ring Network

Back 17

Each node is connected to exactly two other nodes, forming a ring

Front 18

Explain the following network terminology:

Mesh Network

Back 18

Components are all connected directly to every other component

Front 19

Explain the following network terminology:

LAN

Back 19

Local Area Network - is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings

Front 20

Explain the following network terminology:

WAN

Back 20

Wide Area Network is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e. any network whose communications links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries)

Front 21

Explain the following network terminology:

MAN

Back 21

Metropolitan Area Network is a large computer network that usually spans a city or large campus

Front 22

Explain the following network terminology:

GAN

Back 22

Global Area Network is a network that is composed of different interconnected computer networks and covers an unlimited geographical area (JWICS)

Front 23

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Back 23

Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away

1 - Physical Layer

2 - Data Link Layer

3 - Network Layer

4 - Transport Layer

5 - Session Layer

6 - Presentation Layer

7 - Application Layer

Front 24

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Layer 1

Back 24

Physical Layer - The electrical and physical specifications for the device. In particular, it defines the relationship between a device and a transition medium this includes the layout of hubs, repeater and network adapters

Front 25

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Layer 2

Back 25

Data Link Layer - Provided the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical layer(e.g. Ethernet)

Front 26

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Layer 3

Back 26

Network Layer: Provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination via one or more networks, while maintaining the quality of service requested by the Transport Layer (e.g. Router)

Front 27

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Layer 4

Back 27

Transport Later: Provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. The transport Layer controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation/de-segmentation, and error control. Uses TCP/UDP protocols

Front 28

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Layer 5

Back 28

Session Layer: Controls the connections (sessions) between computers. Its establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application.

Front 29

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Layer 6

Back 29

Presentation Layer: Transforms data to provide a standard interface for the Application layer (e.g. JPEG, GIF, MPEG)

Front 30

Identify functions, by layer, of the OSI Model

Layer 7

Back 30

Application Layer: Interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application process (e.g. HTTP, FTP,SMTP)

Front 31

Identify functions, by layer, of the TCP/IP Model

Transmission control/internet protocol

Back 31

Layer 1 - Network Layer

Layer 2 - Internet Layer

Layer 3 - Transport Layer

Layer 4 - Application Layer

Front 32

Identify functions, by layer, of the TCP/IP Model

Layer 1

Back 32

Network Layer - The physical equipment necessary for communications, such as twisted pair cables, the signaling used on that equipment, and the low level protocols using that signaling

Front 33

Identify functions, by layer, of the TCP/IP Model

Layer 2

Back 33

Internet Layer - Defines IP addresses, with many routing schemes for navigating packets from one IP address to another

Front 34

Identify functions, by layer, of the TCP/IP Model

Layer 3

Back 34

Transport Layer - Responsible for end-to-end message transfer capabilities independent of the underlying network, along with error control, segmentation, flow control, congestion control, and application addressing.

Front 35

Identify functions, by layer, of the TCP/IP Model

Layer 4

Back 35

Application Layer - Refers to the higher-level protocols used by most applications for network communication.

Front 36

State the difference between Ipv4 and Ipv6

Back 36

Ipv3 uses 32-bit addresses 2^32 addresses

Ipv6 uses 128 bit addresses 2^128 addresses

Front 37

Define the following and how they are used:

NIPRNET

Back 37

NIPRNET: The Non-secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRnet) is used to exchange sensitive but unclassified information between internal users. DoD owned and created by DISA

Front 38

Define the following and how they are used:

SIPRNET

Back 38

SIPRNER: The secret internet protocol router network(SIPRNet) is a system of interconnected computer networks used to transmit classified information up to SECRET

Front 39

Define the following and how they are used:

JWICS

Back 39

JWICS - The joint worldwide intelligence communication system is a system of interconnected computer networks used to transmit classified information up to top secret and SCI

Front 40

Explain the following networks and where they are employed:

DoDN(GIG)

Back 40

DoD Network the Global Information Grid defined as a globally interconnected end-to-end set of information capabilities for collecting processing, storing, disseminating, and managing info on demand to the warfighter, policy makers, and support personnel

Front 41

Explain the following networks and where they are employed:

DISN

Back 41

Defense Information Systems Network - is the DoD enterprise network for providing data, video, and voice services

Front 42

Explain the following networks and where they are employed:

NMCI

Back 42

Navy/Marine Corps Intranet - is a DoN program where information Technology services have been outsourced to an outside contractor. Deployed throughout the Navy and Marine Corps.

Front 43

Explain the following networks and where they are employed:

ONENET

Back 43

OCONUS Navy Network - is a Navy-wide initiative to install a common and secure IT infrastructure to OCONUS Navy locations. It is based on NMCI architecture and is designed to be interoperable with IT-21, NMCI, and the Global Information Grid

Front 44

Explain the following networks and where they are employed:

IT21

Back 44

IT21 - Information Technology for the 21st Century. Provide intelligent solutions customized to their customers specific challenges and enable them to be efficient and to benefit from the advance technology

Front 45

Describe the following:

Machine Language

Back 45

Machine language is the "natural language" of a particular computer, defined by the computer's hardware design. 1's and 0's

Front 46

Describe the following:

Assembly Language

Back 46

English-like abbreviations were designed to represent machine language instructions. These abbreviations formed the basis of assembly language.

Front 47

Describe the following:

High-level language

Back 47

Computer usage increased rapidly with the advent of assembly language, but programmers in these languages still required many instructions to accomplish even the simplest tasks. To speed up the process, high level languages were developed in which single statements could be written to perform substantial tasks

Front 48

Describe the following:

Operating System

Back 48

An interface between hardware and user. Windows, Max OS

Front 49

Describe the following:

Application

Back 49

Any program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or in some cases for another application program.

Front 50

Describe the following to include the risks associated:

Virus

Back 50

Virus: Software program, script, or macro designed to infect, destroy, modify, or cause other problems with your computer or software programs.

Front 51

Describe the following to include the risks associated:

Worm

Back 51

A self-replicating virus that does not alter files but resides in the active memory and duplicates itself. This causes the system to slow or halt completely. It uses a network to send copies of itself to other nodes and it may do so without user intervention

Front 52

Describe the following to include the risks associated:

Trojan

Back 52

A program that appears legitimate, but performs illicit activity when it runs. It may be used to locate password information of make the system more vulnerable

Front 53

Describe the following to include the risks associated:

Backdoor

Back 53

A remote administration utility that, once installed on a computer, allows a user to access and control it over a network of the internet.

Front 54

Describe the following to include the risks associated:

Phishing

Back 54

The criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication

Front 55

Describe function and risk associated with the following activities:

Network Enumeration

Back 55

A computing activity in which user names and info on groups, shares and services of networked computers are retrieved. This can expose vulnerabilities that lead to unauthorized access and havoc

Front 56

Describe function and risk associated with the following activities:

Buffer Overflow

Back 56

An anomaly where a process stores data in a buffer outside the memory the programmer set aside for it. This may result in erratic program behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, program termination, or a breach of system security

Front 57

Describe function and risk associated with the following activities:

SQL Injection

Back 57

An attack in which malicious code is inserted into strings that are later passed to an instance of SQL Server for parsing execution.

Front 58

Describe function and risk associated with the following activities:

Dictionary Attack

Back 58

A method of breaking into a password-protected computer or server by systematically entering every word in a dictionary as a password.

Front 59

Describe function and risk associated with the following activities:

Privilege Escalation

Back 59

The act of exploiting a bug or design flaw in a software application to gain access to resources which normally would have been protected from an application or user

Front 60

Describe function and risk associated with the following activities:

Brute Force Attack

Back 60

A technique used to break an encryption or authentication system by trying all possibilities. This usually only take about half as many tries as there are possibilities

Front 61

Describe function and risk associated with the following activities:

Social Engineering

Back 61

The practice of tricking a user into giving, or giving access, to sensitive information, thereby bypassing most or all protection

Front 62

Describe the functionality of PKI

Back 62

Public Key Infrastructure. Set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates. In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective user identities by means of a certificate of authority.

Front 63

State the purpose of DNS

Back 63

Domain Name System - translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices worldwide.