Effective Speaking Test 2; Chapters 6-10

Front 1

catalogue

Back 1

listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.

Front 2

call number

Back 2

a number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.

Front 3

periodical database

Back 3

a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of journals or magazines.

Front 4

abstract

Back 4

a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

Front 5

reference work

Back 5

a work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers

Front 6

general encyclopedia

Back 6

a comprehensive reference work that provides information about all branches of human knowledge

Front 7

special encyclopedia

Back 7

a comprehensive reference work devoted to a specific subject such as religion, art, law, science, music, etc.

Front 8

yearbook

Back 8

a reference work published annually that contains information about the previous year

Front 9

biographical aid

Back 9

a reference that provides information about people

Front 10

Things to Use at Library

Back 10

Librarians, Catalogue, Periodical Databases, Newspapers, Reference Works

Front 11

Types of Reference Works

Back 11

Encyclopedia, Yearbooks, Quotation Book, Biographical Aids

Front 12

Virtual Library

Back 12

a search engine that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data

Front 13

Useful Internet Tools

Back 13

Search Engine, Virtual Library, Government Resources, Multicultural resources

Front 14

sponsoring organization

Back 14

an organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.

Front 15

Ways to Evaluate Internet Documents

Back 15

Authorship, Sponsorship, Recency

Front 16

Research Interview

Back 16

An interview conducted to gather information for a speech

Front 17

Before the Interview

Back 17

Define the purpose of the interview, decide whom to interview, arrange the interview, decide whether to record the interview, prepare your questions

Front 18

During the Interview

Back 18

Dress appropriately and be on time, repeat the purpose of the interview, set up the recorder, keep the interview on track, listen carefully, don't overstay your welcome

Front 19

After the Interview

Back 19

Review notes ASAP, transcribe your notes

Front 20

Tips for Doing Research

Back 20

Start early, make a preliminary bibliography, take notes efficiently, Think about your materials as you research

Front 21

preliminary bibliography

Back 21

a list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic

Front 22

How to Take Notes Efficiently

Back 22

Take Plenty of notes; record notes in a consistent format; make a separate entry for each note, distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas

Front 23

supporting materials

Back 23

The material used to support a speaker's idea. The three major kinds of materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

Front 24

Example

Back 24

A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.

Front 25

Brief example

Back 25

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

Front 26

Extended example

Back 26

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

Front 27

Hypothetical Example

Back 27

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.

Front 28

Tips for Using Examples

Back 28

Use examples to clarify your ideas; use examples to reinforce your ideas; use examples to personalize your ideas; make your examples vivid and richly textured; practice delivery to enhance your extended examples

Front 29

statistics

Back 29

numerical data

Front 30

mean

Back 30

the average value of a group of numbers

Front 31

median

Back 31

the middle number in a group of numbers from highest to lowest

Front 32

mode

Back 32

the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers

Front 33

Tips for Using Statistics

Back 33

Use them to quantify your ideas; use them sparingly; identify the sources; explain your statistics; round off complicated ones; use visual aids to clarify trends

Front 34

testimony

Back 34

quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

Front 35

expert testimony

Back 35

testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields

Front 36

peer testimony

Back 36

testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

Front 37

direct quotation

Back 37

testimony that is presented word for word

Front 38

paraphrase

Back 38

to restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words.

Front 39

quoting out of context

Back 39

quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.

Front 40

Tips for Using Testimony

Back 40

quote or paraphrase accurately; use testimony from qualified sources; use testimony from unbiased sources; identify the people you quote or paraphrase

Front 41

strategic organization

Back 41

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

Front 42

main points

Back 42

The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points.

Front 43

chronological order

Back 43

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Front 44

spatial order

Back 44

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

Front 45

casual order

Back 45

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.

Front 46

Problem-solution Order

Back 46

A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals w/ the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

Front 47

Topical order

Back 47

A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.

Front 48

Strategic Order of main points

Back 48

chronological order; spatial order; casual order; problem-solution order; topical order

Front 49

supporting materials

Back 49

the materials used to support a speaker's ideas.

Front 50

connective

Back 50

a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship b/w them

Front 51

transitions

Back 51

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Front 52

internal preview

Back 52

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

Front 53

internal summary

Back 53

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point

Front 54

signpost

Back 54

a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

Front 55

How to get attention and Interest in Intro

Back 55

Relate the topic to audience; state the importance of topic; startle the audience; arouse the curiosity of audience; question the audience; begin with a question; tell a story

Front 56

rhetorical question

Back 56

a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud

Front 57

credibility

Back 57

the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

Front 58

goodwill

Back 58

the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind

Front 59

preview statement

Back 59

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

Front 60

crescendo ending

Back 60

a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

Front 61

dissolve ending

Back 61

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.

Front 62

preparation outline

Back 62

a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of speech.

Front 63

visual framework

Back 63

The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that show the relationships among the speaker's ideas.

Front 64

bibliography

Back 64

A list of all the sources used in preparing a speech

Front 65

speaking outline

Back 65

A brief outline used to job a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech

Front 66

delivery cues

Back 66

directions in speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech.