Earth Science Test

Front 1

As a cooling rate increases, rock crystals

Back 1

decrease

Front 2

Average fingernail is

Back 2

<2.5

Front 3

Luster

Back 3

Light reflected off a mineral

Front 4

When rocks cool FAST from magma, crystals are...

Back 4

smaller

Front 5

1 perfect plane of cleavage on a Rock

Back 5

Biotite

Front 6

Igneous Rock Process

Back 6

Melted down rocks and re-hardened

Front 7

A Rock is...

Back 7

A) 2 or more minerals

B) inorganic

C) variable in hardness

Front 8

Mineral that dissolves in water

Back 8

Hematite

Front 9

We have materials from the earths...

Back 9

Crust

Mantel

Core

Front 10

Conchoidal Fracture

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Shell like or glass like

Front 11

Why does forest soil suck?

Back 11

It lacks organic material

Front 12

Hilltop horizons with light brown soil is...

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B level soil

Front 13

Erosion

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The process which weathered rocks and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported to another

Front 14

Loam

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Soil with sand, silt and clay

Front 15

Sheet washes

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how water moves over land

Front 16

Rill

Back 16

a water channel that cant be removed with agriculture machinery

Front 17

Most important factor in Mass Wasting

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Water, mass wasting is found on wet hillsides

Front 18

How much of the earths water is salty?

Back 18

97%

most of fresh water is ground water

Front 19

Rain can go

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in streams, underground and evaporate

Front 20

what keeps rivers flowing

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top aquifer

Front 21

Grassed waterways

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help gullied farm feilds

Front 22

Erratic rocks

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rocks brought over by glaciers,

glaciers go north

come from Antarctica

Front 23

Where are rain shadows?

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near mountains. Colorado, Seattle

Front 24

Parent Material

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stuff that weathers to produce soil particles

Front 25

Water Table

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contours the shape of the earth

Front 26

Poor Indicators of Mineral Identification

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Surface can change when exposed to air

impurities can lead to exotic coloring

Front 27

Sandstone metamorphic rock

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quartzite

Front 28

rhyolite

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fine grained equivalent to granite

Front 29

center source of energy in earthquake

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seismic zone

Front 30

A rock is younger if

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its been melted by another

Front 31

which waves have the highest velocity

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primary waves

Front 32

Do Hawaiian islands have plate boundaries?

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Nope

Front 33

Pioneer of plate tectonics

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Wegner

Front 34

plates that slide past each other

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transform boundaries

Front 35

What can destroy ocean crust

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convergent boundaries

Front 36

Island archs are...

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convergent (o-o)

Front 37

New crust forms at

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divergent boundaries

Front 38

Japan islands are at

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convergent boundaries (o-o)

Front 39

San Andres

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is not a boundary

Front 40

Mt. St. Helens

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is convergent (o-c)

Front 41

radioactive dating is

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absolute data

Front 42

when did dinos die?

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65 million years ago

Front 43

original topographic map was for

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defense

Front 44

Parallel lines by the equator

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are lattitudes

Front 45

as you go north longitude

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decreases

Front 46

as you go north latitude

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stays the damn same

Front 47

detectors needed to pinpoint earthquakes latitude

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3

Front 48

bad place to be in an earthquake

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in masonry and with no steel

Front 49

smallest parcel of land sold by gov

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40 acres

Front 50

WE DONT KNOW HOW OLD THE EARTH IS

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WE DONT KNOW HOW OLD THE EARTH IS

Front 51

6.5 Earthquake is _____ times stronger than a 5.5 earthquake

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30x

Front 52

Longest era on earth?

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Precambrian

Front 53

tsunami's come from

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ocean floor movements

Front 54

caves form from

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limestone

Front 55

hardness of glass

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<5.5

Front 56

luster

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reflected off light

Front 57

galena

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has highest density

Front 58

gypsum

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softest mineral

Front 59

metamorphic

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heat and pressure changes preexisting rock

Front 60

3 plans of cleavage

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calcite

Front 61

cementing process in formation

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for igneous rocks

Front 62

frost wedging

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mechanical weathering

Front 63

limestone

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easily weathered due to acid rain

Front 64

coal

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organic makeup

Front 65

water table

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boundary of saturated rock below an unsaturated rock base

Front 66

sea level

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drops when water is stored in ice sheets and continental glaciers

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leaching

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makes rain forest soil shity

Front 68

Rivers erode

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around the bends

Front 69

Yazoo

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a river that parallel another river because it cant get thru to a levee

Front 70

oxbow

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cut off bend of a river where water no longer flows

Front 71

Ground water

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flows thru sand and sandstone

always flow down

Front 72

moraine

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debris that piles up on glacier ends

Front 73

Glaciated Valley

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has a U shape

Front 74

retreat

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when glaciers melt faster than it moves forward

Front 75

quartz

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withstands weathering

Front 76

clay

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holds water tightly

Front 77

valley glaciers

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flow fastest in the middle

Front 78

Carbon Dioxide

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makes rain naturally acidic

Front 79

Glacier Ice

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flows because pressure forces ice to act like a liquid

Front 80

core of earth

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is iron-nickel alloy

Front 81

water expands

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when freezing which causes cracked walls to push apart

Front 82

Wegener

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Continental drift theory rejected because he couldn't identify mechanism of moving continents.

plate techtonics pioneer

Front 83

seismic zone

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earthquake source

Front 84

convergent

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plates move towards each other

Front 85

plate techtonics

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study of continent movement

Front 86

divergent

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plates that leave a gap boundary

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ocean floor age

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older near continents

Front 88

Himalayas

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happened due to a 2 continent collision

Front 89

NO FAULT CAN EFFECT PEORIA

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NO FAULT CAN EFFECT PEORIA

Front 90

fossils

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need hard parts like bones

Front 91

contour interval

depression

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elevation change

depression are hatch marks

Front 92

half life of c.14

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5700 years

Front 93

Tsunamis

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are different from surface waves; they are usually caused by underwater earthquakes

Front 94

prime meridian

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Manchester

Front 95

metric system

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based on units of water

standard unit is a meter

Front 96

best representation of earth

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globe

Front 97

best method to date once alive things

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carbon. 14

Front 98

seismograph

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detects earthquakes

Front 99

Waves

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P is first then S waves

Front 100

Mercalli scale

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human perception

Front 101

epicenter

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where faults break

Front 102

mew Madrid

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most powerful quake

Front 103

sections in a township

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36

Front 104

continental crust

ocean crust

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mostly granite for continental

basalt for ocean

Front 105

Hutton

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uniformitarianism

Front 106

24 hour sunlight @xmas

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south pole

Front 107

1 complete spin on axis

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rotation

day

Front 108

ocean salt

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comes due rivers bringing salt from land

Front 109

most severe storm

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cold into warm front

Front 110

lightning rod

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channels bolt into ground

more than one bolt

kills most people in us

Front 111

atmospheric pressure at hurricane center

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very low

Front 112

LOOK AT LAND MAP

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DESERT

GRASSLANDS

Front 113

highest albedo

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snow

Front 114

dry air

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rises and cools by 10 degrees per 1000m

Front 115

wet air

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sinks and heats by 6 degrees per 1000m

Front 116

rain shadow

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colorado

Front 117

jungle

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year round growing season

Front 118

H20 amt as temp rises

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h20 increases

Front 119

88% albedo

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means its damn cold

Front 120

glacier advance

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isnt due to global warming

Front 121

carbon dioxide

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keeps earth warm at night

Front 122

atmospheric pressure

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lowest at mt peaks

Front 123

relative humidity

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increases as temp falls

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northern hemisphere

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counter clock wise

Front 125

least wind

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@ 30 degrees

Front 126

stratosphere

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where ozone is concentrated

Front 127

highest relative humidity

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at sunrise

Front 128

hurricane loss of energy

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due to lack of friction and lack of warm moist air