Earth Science Review Book Chapter 1

Front 1

In order to make observations an observer must use....

Back 1

1 experiments
*2 the senses*
3 proportions
4 mathematical calculations

Front 2

A pebble found in a dry field has rounded edges. An instructor says that the pebble has been rolled over in a flowing stream. His comment can be classified as

Back 2

*1 an inference*
2 a fact
3 a description
4 an observation

Front 3

The general purpose of a scientific system of classification is to

Back 3

1 make better interpretations
2 eliminate observations
*3 organize for easier study*
4 state theories

Front 4

Which property was probably used to classify the substances below?

(diagram on page 2)

Back 4

1 chemical composition
2 specific heat
*3 physical state (phase)*
4 abundance within Earth

Front 5

Which descriptive term illustrates an inference?

Back 5

1 transparent
2 bitter
*3 younger*
4 smooth

Front 6

The graph below shows the amount of noise pollution caused by factory machinery during a one-week period. Which is best supported by the graph?
(graph on page 6)

Back 6

1 The machinery ran 24 hours a day.
*2 The machinery was turned off Sat. and Sun.*
3 The level of pollution remained constant during work hours.
4 The noise volume reached a peak on Friday.

Front 7

A student recorded the times of three successuve high tides at one location as:
9:12 am
9:38 pm
10:04 am
What is the approximate time of the next high tide?

Back 7

1 10:12 pm
*2 10:30 pm*
3 10:38 pm
4 11:04 pm

Front 8

While on a field trip to a large lake in NYS an observer recorded four statements about this lake. Which of these statements is most likely and inference?

Back 8

*1 The lake was formed by glacial action*
2 The water is clear enough to see the bottom of the lake.
3 A log is floating in the lake.
4 The surface temperature of the lake is 18.5 degrees C

Front 9

A student measures the volume of a rock sample to be 17 cubic centimenters The student later finds that the actual volume of the rock is 20 cubic centimeters. Calculate the percent deviation of the student's measurement.

Back 9

*1 15%*
2 18%
3 3%
4 85%

Front 10

Density is usually expressed in

Back 10

1 cm/in squared
*2 g/cm cubed*
3 km/hr
4 N/m squared

Front 11

The three basic dimensional qualities are

Back 11

1 time length and shape
2 density mass and volume
*3 time length and mass*

Front 12

Two measurements often used interchangeably are

Back 12

1 mass and length
2 density and volume
3 length and shape
*4 weight and mass*

Front 13

A student determines the mass of a rock to be 196 grams but the actual mass of the rock is 200 grams . The student's approximate percent deviation (percentage of error) is

Back 13

1 1.0%
*2 2.0%*
3 1.5%
4 4.0%

Front 14

What object is most probably the ice cube?
(diagram on page 8)

Back 14

1 A
*2 B*
3 C
4 D

Front 15

Which object probably has the same density as the liquid?

Back 15

1 A
2 B
*3 C*
4 D

Front 16

Which choice lists the object d in the order of lowest density to highest density?
(diagram on page 8)

Back 16

*1 A B C D*
2 A D C B
3 D C B A
4 C B A D

Front 17

At which temperature does water have its greatest density?

Back 17

1 -7 degrees C
2 O degrees C
3 96 degrees C
*4 4 degrees C*

Front 18

Which two minerals samples have the same density?
(diagram on page 9)

Back 18

1 A and D
*2 A and E*
3 C and D
4 B and E

Front 19

What is the density of the object?
(diagram on page 9)

Back 19

1 0.5 g/cm cubed
*2 2.0 g/cm cubed*
3 5.0 g/cm cubed
4 6.0 g/cm cubed

Front 20

If the sample were cut in half, the density would be

Back 20

1 twice as much
2 half as much
*3 the same*

Front 21

As a volume of air expands due to heating, the density of the air will

Back 21

*1 decrease*
2 increase
3 remain the same

Front 22

In which phase (state) do most Earth materials have their greatest density?

Back 22

*1 solid*
2 liquid
3 gas

Front 23

What is the density of an irregularly shaped object that has a volume of 3.0 mm and a mass of 12 grams?

Back 23

1 1.0 g/mL
2 2.0 g/mL
3 3.0 g/mL
*4 4.0 g/mL*

Front 24

What always happens when a change occurs?

Back 24

1 Pollution is produced
2 The temperature of as system increases
*The properties of a system are altered.*
4 Dynamic equilibrium is reached.

Front 25

A boundary between two regions of change is called a(n)

Back 25

1 transition zone
2 transfer zone
*3 interface*
4 cycle boundary

Front 26

Over several years, the apparent size of the Sun as viewed by an observer on Earth will probably

Back 26

*1 vary in a cyclic manner*
2 decrease at a regular rate
3 increase at a regular rate
4 vary in an unpredictable manner

Front 27

Which graph best represents the greatest rate of temperature change?

Back 27

(diagram on page 12)

answer- 2

Front 28

A student measures the distance from a bridge to a rock every day for a week. What is indicated by the grpah of these measurements as shown below
(diagram on page 12)

Back 28

1 no change in time or distance took place
2 as distance decreased, time increased
3 as distance increased, time decreased
*4 as time increased, distance remained the same*

Front 29

Based on this data table which graph best represents the general relationship between population and concentration of dust particles?
(diagram on page 14)

Back 29

answer- 4

Front 30

Which energy source listed below is most nearly pollution free?

Back 30

1 nuclear
*2 solar*
3 coal
4 natural gas

Front 31

Which pollutant is not usually produced or added to the environment by human activities?

Back 31

1 sound
*2 pollen*
3 radiation
4 smoke

Front 32

People who live close to major airports are most likely to complain about which form of pollution?

Back 32

*1 sound*
2 heat
3 radioactivity
4 particulates

Front 33

Which condition exsists when the rates of water flowing into and out of a lake are balanced so that the lake's depth appears to be constant?

Back 33

*1 equilibrium*
2 transpiration
3 hydration
4 saturation

Front 34

What is likely cause for the increase of pollutants of 8am and 5pm on the two days?
(diagram on page 15)

Back 34

1 change in insolation
2 occurence of precipitation
3 high wind velocity
*4 heavy car traffic*

Front 35

On the basis of the trends indicated by the graph at what time on Thursday July 12 will th greatest amount of pollutants probably be observed?
(diagram on page 15)

Back 35

1 12 noon
*2 5pm*
3 3am
4 8am