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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
SCIENCE
A way of learning about the natural world
OBSERVING
to gather information with your senses
INFERRING
using what you know to make an inference
PREDICTING
to make a guess about what will happen in the future
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
the way that scientists study the natural world and make explanations about the evidence they gather
HYPOTHESIS
a possible explanation for a set of observations to answer a question
-must be testable, meaning that scientists must be able to carry out investigations and gather evidence that will support or disprove the hypothesis.
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
- a test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions

- must only have 1 manipulated variable so that one can truly determine the reason for the outcome
VARIABLE
one of the factors that can change the outcome of the experiment
MANIPULATED VARIABLE
a variable that a scientist changes to see how it affects the experiment
RESPONDING VARIABLE
a variable that changes in the experiment as a result of changing the manipulated variable
DATA
the facts and figures and other evidence gathered by observations
- data table is useful to organize

- need to analyze data after it's collected
SCIENTIFIC THEORY
a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations or experimental results
SCIENTIFIC LAW
a statement that describes an observed pattern in nature

- desribes what scientists expect to happen every tine under a particular set of conditions
GEOLOGIST
the person who studies Earth and
-the forces that have shaped Earth thru history
-they study the physiscal characteristics of th rocks, soil, wind and waves
OCEANOGRAPHER
the person who study everything related to the ocean

- from the chemistry of the ocean water to the living things in the water
-lakes, rivers, glaciers, etc
METEOROLOGIST
a scientist who gathers information about conditions of the athmosphere
arund the world
-more than the weather
- study the forces that change the climate of Earth
ASTRONOMER
people who study the solar system, the entire Universe (not just Earth)

- some astronomers focus on the solar system, others stars/galaxies

-
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS
people who study Earth;s environment and resources

- they determine the effect of human activities on Earth's land, air, water, and living things.
- they try to solv environmental problems, such as pollution
What skills and attitudes do scientist use to learn about the world?
skills:1) observe 2) infer 3)predict
attitude: 1)curiosity - ask ?s
2)honesty - to not lie to yourself
3)creativity - to think of new ways
4)skpticism - to have doubt and question things until proven
5) open mindedness - asscpet new ideas
Whats do scientific theorys differ from scientific laws?
theory - a concept that EXPLAINS an observation - has been proven many times and it says why sometihng happens

scientific law - describes what is observed in nature (BUT NOT EXPLANATION)

LAW- describes what happens and theory says WHY
steps of a scientific inquiry
1) pose questions 2) develop hypothesis 3) design experiment 4) collect and interpret data 5) drawing conclusions 6) communicate
Conclusion
- a decision on how to interpret the results
3 possile results:
1) My hypothesis is proven
2) No my hypothesis is no correct
3) I need more research
communicating
share the results of the experiment with others
What are the big ideas of Earth Science?
Earth Science - term used for the knowledge about Earth and its place in the Universe

1) the structure of the Earth System - has 4 spheres
2) Earth History - has been around $4.6B yrs
3) Earth in the Solar System - Earth is not alone in space. solar system is made up of sun and its planets (with their moons)
What are the branches of Earh Science?
1)geology
2) meteorology
3) environmental science
4) astronomy
5) oceonography
How do Earth Scientists use Models?
- to simplify big items and study them
- to determine weather
- to test a hypothesis
Structure of Earth -
4 sphere or parts
1) litosphere -Earth's rocky outer layer
2)hydrosphere - the water - the oceans, lakes, rivers
3)atmosphere - outer most sphere - the mixture of gases that surrounds the planets
4)biospehere- made up by all living things that live in the air, the ocean, surface
Earth System
4 spheres that work together to make one whole
- when there is a change in one system, it affects the other parts
what makes up everything in the universe?
matter
what provides Energy on Earth? HOW?
-the Sun provides energy for the water cycle and many other processes on Earth

-Sun's energy rays come to Earth through radiation
Energy - what is it?
the ability to do work or cause change
how old is the earth?
Earth has existed for 4.6B yrs
constructive vs destructive forces of Earth
constructive forces- shape of Earht's surface with mountains, land masses, etc

destructive forces - forces that wear away the Earth's structure like the mountains (ex: hurricane)
What is the Solar Sys made of up?

What does this remind us?
the sun and the planets with their moons

*** Earth is not alone in the Solar System***
*** Scientists understand more about Earth by studying the other planets in the Solar system too.
Branches of Earth Science
1) geology
2) oceonagraphy
3) environmental science
4)astronomy
5) meteorology
what is the goal of technology?
how people change the world around them to suit their needs and solve practical problems
- things that people invented to help
- the processes they use oto help them
Ex: medicines, computer, eyeglasses
how are science and technology related?
engineers - people who develop technology - they figure out how to solve problems by using techonology and knowledge

scientists - study the natural world
how does technology affect society?
can help people accross the world communicate (internet)

can help people live longer (medicines)

can improve the way of living
why is preparation important when carrying out scientific investigation in the labs and in the field?
helps you stay safe in the lab
what should you do if an accident occurs?
1) notify teacher immediately
2)listen to teacher's directions and follow them exactly
MOST important rule in a lab
ALWAYS FOLLOW THE TEACHERS INSTRUCTIONS AND TEXT BOOK DIRECTIONS EXACTLY
what should you do before you do a lab ?

after?
1) prepare
2) read directions
3) organize everything
after:
1) clean up
2) dturn off any equipment
3) wash hands
4) discard trash
Can you make an inference without having made an observation?
no - b/c u have to observe b/f you infer
Why is there no set path that a scientific inquiry must follow?
b/c observations at each stage of the experiment may lead you to change your hypothesis or your experiment

- as you learn things you may change things