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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
SCIENCE
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A way of learning about the natural world
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OBSERVING
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to gather information with your senses
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INFERRING
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using what you know to make an inference
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PREDICTING
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to make a guess about what will happen in the future
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
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the way that scientists study the natural world and make explanations about the evidence they gather
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HYPOTHESIS
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a possible explanation for a set of observations to answer a question
-must be testable, meaning that scientists must be able to carry out investigations and gather evidence that will support or disprove the hypothesis. |
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CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
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- a test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions
- must only have 1 manipulated variable so that one can truly determine the reason for the outcome |
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VARIABLE
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one of the factors that can change the outcome of the experiment
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MANIPULATED VARIABLE
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a variable that a scientist changes to see how it affects the experiment
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RESPONDING VARIABLE
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a variable that changes in the experiment as a result of changing the manipulated variable
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DATA
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the facts and figures and other evidence gathered by observations
- data table is useful to organize - need to analyze data after it's collected |
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SCIENTIFIC THEORY
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a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations or experimental results
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SCIENTIFIC LAW
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a statement that describes an observed pattern in nature
- desribes what scientists expect to happen every tine under a particular set of conditions |
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GEOLOGIST
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the person who studies Earth and
-the forces that have shaped Earth thru history -they study the physiscal characteristics of th rocks, soil, wind and waves |
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OCEANOGRAPHER
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the person who study everything related to the ocean
- from the chemistry of the ocean water to the living things in the water -lakes, rivers, glaciers, etc |
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METEOROLOGIST
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a scientist who gathers information about conditions of the athmosphere
arund the world -more than the weather - study the forces that change the climate of Earth |
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ASTRONOMER
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people who study the solar system, the entire Universe (not just Earth)
- some astronomers focus on the solar system, others stars/galaxies - |
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS
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people who study Earth;s environment and resources
- they determine the effect of human activities on Earth's land, air, water, and living things. - they try to solv environmental problems, such as pollution |
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What skills and attitudes do scientist use to learn about the world?
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skills:1) observe 2) infer 3)predict
attitude: 1)curiosity - ask ?s 2)honesty - to not lie to yourself 3)creativity - to think of new ways 4)skpticism - to have doubt and question things until proven 5) open mindedness - asscpet new ideas |
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Whats do scientific theorys differ from scientific laws?
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theory - a concept that EXPLAINS an observation - has been proven many times and it says why sometihng happens
scientific law - describes what is observed in nature (BUT NOT EXPLANATION) LAW- describes what happens and theory says WHY |
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steps of a scientific inquiry
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1) pose questions 2) develop hypothesis 3) design experiment 4) collect and interpret data 5) drawing conclusions 6) communicate
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Conclusion
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- a decision on how to interpret the results
3 possile results: 1) My hypothesis is proven 2) No my hypothesis is no correct 3) I need more research |
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communicating
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share the results of the experiment with others
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What are the big ideas of Earth Science?
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Earth Science - term used for the knowledge about Earth and its place in the Universe
1) the structure of the Earth System - has 4 spheres 2) Earth History - has been around $4.6B yrs 3) Earth in the Solar System - Earth is not alone in space. solar system is made up of sun and its planets (with their moons) |
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What are the branches of Earh Science?
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1)geology
2) meteorology 3) environmental science 4) astronomy 5) oceonography |
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How do Earth Scientists use Models?
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- to simplify big items and study them
- to determine weather - to test a hypothesis |
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Structure of Earth -
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4 sphere or parts
1) litosphere -Earth's rocky outer layer 2)hydrosphere - the water - the oceans, lakes, rivers 3)atmosphere - outer most sphere - the mixture of gases that surrounds the planets 4)biospehere- made up by all living things that live in the air, the ocean, surface |
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Earth System
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4 spheres that work together to make one whole
- when there is a change in one system, it affects the other parts |
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what makes up everything in the universe?
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matter
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what provides Energy on Earth? HOW?
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-the Sun provides energy for the water cycle and many other processes on Earth
-Sun's energy rays come to Earth through radiation |
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Energy - what is it?
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the ability to do work or cause change
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how old is the earth?
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Earth has existed for 4.6B yrs
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constructive vs destructive forces of Earth
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constructive forces- shape of Earht's surface with mountains, land masses, etc
destructive forces - forces that wear away the Earth's structure like the mountains (ex: hurricane) |
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What is the Solar Sys made of up?
What does this remind us? |
the sun and the planets with their moons
*** Earth is not alone in the Solar System*** *** Scientists understand more about Earth by studying the other planets in the Solar system too. |
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Branches of Earth Science
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1) geology
2) oceonagraphy 3) environmental science 4)astronomy 5) meteorology |
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what is the goal of technology?
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how people change the world around them to suit their needs and solve practical problems
- things that people invented to help - the processes they use oto help them Ex: medicines, computer, eyeglasses |
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how are science and technology related?
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engineers - people who develop technology - they figure out how to solve problems by using techonology and knowledge
scientists - study the natural world |
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how does technology affect society?
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can help people accross the world communicate (internet)
can help people live longer (medicines) can improve the way of living |
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why is preparation important when carrying out scientific investigation in the labs and in the field?
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helps you stay safe in the lab
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what should you do if an accident occurs?
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1) notify teacher immediately
2)listen to teacher's directions and follow them exactly |
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MOST important rule in a lab
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ALWAYS FOLLOW THE TEACHERS INSTRUCTIONS AND TEXT BOOK DIRECTIONS EXACTLY
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what should you do before you do a lab ?
after? |
1) prepare
2) read directions 3) organize everything after: 1) clean up 2) dturn off any equipment 3) wash hands 4) discard trash |
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Can you make an inference without having made an observation?
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no - b/c u have to observe b/f you infer
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Why is there no set path that a scientific inquiry must follow?
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b/c observations at each stage of the experiment may lead you to change your hypothesis or your experiment
- as you learn things you may change things |