Earth Science Lab Midterm Voc.

Front 1

A group of disciplines that have a common approach to improving our understanding of how nature works.

Back 1

Science

Front 2

Name the order of the scientific method

Back 2

Observe
Hypothesize
Predict
Test
Modify
Theorize

Front 3

Make observations on some aspect of the universe

Back 3

Observe

Front 4

Make an "educated guess" to explain the observations

Back 4

Hypothesize

Front 5

Use the hypothesis to predict other aspects of the nature of the universe.

Back 5

Predict

Front 6

Test the predictions by experiments and/or further observations.

Back 6

Test

Front 7

If the predictions are not supported, use the experimental results and/or new observations to modify the hypothesis and then repeat steps 3 and 4.

Back 7

Modify

Front 8

When all the predictions are supported by the experiments and/or new observations the hypothesis becomes a theory. A theory is a conceptual framework that explains exisiting observations and predicts new ones.

Back 8

Theorize

Front 9

Statistical techniques that provide a means of testing predictions.

Back 9

Quantitive methods

Front 10

______ _______ are not accepted based on the presitge, convincing powers or charisma of the proponent, but on the results obtained through observations and/or experiments which are reproducible.

Back 10

Scientific findings

Front 11

A statistical procedure to test whether two samples have a statisticly similar or dissimilar average value.

Back 11

Mann-Whitney U test

Front 12

HO

Back 12

There is no significant difference in the average temperatures of the two samples. Null Hypothesis.

Front 13

Name the three natural refrence points

Back 13

The north and south poles,
Where the axis of rotation intersects the surface,
and the Equator

Front 14

An imaginary circle around the Earth lying midway between the poles.

Back 14

Equator

Front 15

North-south lines

Back 15

Meridians (longitude)

Front 16

East-West lines

Back 16

Parallels (latitude)

Front 17

Coordinates on a map that represent the intersection of a line of latitude and a line of longitude and indicates the ________ _______.

Back 17

absolute location

Front 18

The angular distance of a point measured either north or south from the equator

Back 18

Latitude

Front 19

Parallels of latitude are constructed by means of _______ _________ ______ ___ ______ ___ ____ _______.

Back 19

angular measurement from the center of the Earth.

Front 20

Lines that run North and South from pole to pole, and measure distance in degrees to the East and West of the Prime Meridian.

Back 20

Longitude

Front 21

Passes through Greenwich,England, and is designated 0 degrees longitude.

Back 21

Prime Meridian

Front 22

The shape of the land

Back 22

topography

Front 23

usually average sea level

Back 23

the datum

Front 24

The mean (average) sea level as of 1929

Back 24

National Geodetic Vertical datum of 1929

Front 25

Which direction does a contour line point when crossing a stream?

Back 25

Upstream (uphill)

Front 26

The change in elevation between two adjacent contour lines

Back 26

contour interval

Front 27

The greater the contour interval, the more ______ the terrain

Back 27

rugged

Front 28

The steeper the slope, the _______ _______ the contour lines. The flatter the land, the ________ ________ the lines are.

Back 28

closer together/ father apart

Front 29

Indicates a known elevation point

Back 29

benck mark, BM682x/ spot height, 5381x

Front 30

Lines on a topographic map that are shown in brown, and show the height of the land

Back 30

contour line

Front 31

Perpetually migrates over the Earth's surface between 23.5 N and 23.5 S.

Back 31

Vertical sun ray

Front 32

Regardless of where the Earth is in its orbit, the position of the axis is always parallel to future and past positions.

Back 32

parallelism of axis

Front 33

23.5 degrees from a line perpendicular to the plane of orbit.

Back 33

tilt of the axis

Front 34

The curious figure 8-shaped object that normally appears on globes just west of South America in the Pacific ocean.

Back 34

analemma

Front 35

Why does the vertical sun ray migrate over the Earth's surface?

Back 35

- The tilt of the axis
- The revolution of the Earth
- The parallelism of the axis during rotation

Front 36

Sunlight or radiant energy from the sun.

Back 36

Insolation

Front 37

The reflectivity of a material.

Back 37

Albedo

Front 38

Solar energy that is absorbed. Will heat up materials.

Back 38

Absorption

Front 39

A measure of the intensity of solar radiation.

Back 39

Langley

Front 40

A rate of energy production equal to 0.239 cal/sec.

Back 40

Watt

Front 41

Rate of change of some variable through space or time.

Back 41

Gradient

Front 42

Lines (like contours) that connect points having the same temperature

Back 42

Isotherm

Front 43

Name 2 atmospheric and locational factors that might affect the amount of solar radiation reaching a service weather station.

Back 43

- Cloud coverage
- Greenhouse gases

Front 44

System of symoblic notation for summarizing weather information from a particular place.

Back 44

Station model

Front 45

An instrument for measuring temperature.

Back 45

Thermometer

Front 46

An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure

Back 46

Barometer

Front 47

An instrument for measuring wind speed.

Back 47

Anemometer

Front 48

An instrument for measuring atmospheric humidity

Back 48

Psychrometer

Front 49

Lines connecting points of equal barometric pressure on a weather map.

Back 49

Isobar

Front 50

Lines connecting points of equal temperature on a weather map

Back 50

Isotherm

Front 51

Temperature at whcih the air is saturated with moisture.

Back 51

Dew point temperature

Front 52

A measure of speed.

Back 52

Knot

Front 53

Name the three important uses of the weather model

Back 53

- Demonstrates basic weather frontal structures and airmasses.
- Relates precipitation, wind direction, cloud types, temperatures, and pressures to warm and cold fronts.
- Provides a means of predicting weather conditions.

Front 54

The result of weather elements interacting over a long time.

Back 54

Climate

Front 55

Based on mean annual and monthly temperatures and precipitation.

Back 55

Koppen Classification

Front 56

Avg. Temp is over 64.4/moist/monsoon/winterdry season

Back 56

Tropical Climates

Front 57

Potential evaporation is greater than precipitation/ desert/steppe/hot/cold

Back 57

Dry Climates

Front 58

Avg. temp of coldest month:32-64.4/ Avg. temp of warmest months, over 50/ summer dry/winter dry/moist/hot summers/warm summers/cool summers

Back 58

Mesothermal climates

Front 59

Avg. temp for coldest month: less than 32. Warmest: greater than 50./very cold winters

Back 59

Microthermal climates

Front 60

No month w/avg temp above 50/tundra/frost

Back 60

Polar climates

Front 61

Man-made gases that are a possible cause for global warming

Back 61

greenhouse gases

Front 62

A graph with both a bar and line graph

Back 62

climograph

Front 63

Avg. temp for coldest month: less than 32. Warmest: greater than 50./very cold winters

Back 63

Microthermal climates

Front 64

No month w/avg temp above 50/tundra/frost

Back 64

Polar climates

Front 65

Man-made gases that are a possible cause for global warming

Back 65

greenhouse gases

Front 66

A graph with both a bar and line graph

Back 66

climograph