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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Byzantine Icon depicting Christ as pantokrator, ca. 7th
Century, encaustic, wood, paint, and gold |
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monotheism
Messiah Jesus of Nazzareth |
One God
the savior messiah= "the annointed one"/ Christ |
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Iconography
Old Testament New Testament (Bible) Gospels Evangelists Apostles Trinity |
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Peter Paul Rubens, Constantine Decrying the Edict of Milan, 313, ca. mid 17th century,
Oil on canvas |
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Jewish, Torah Niche Wall Painting, house-synagogue, Dura-Europos, Syria, 244-5 CE, tempera on plaster
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*Early Christian, Baptistry of a Christian house-church, Dura-Europos, Syria, b. 256 CE ; Model of walls and baptismal font, w/ fresco decoration, water tank set aside for baptising, christ's miracles on walls, a monumentaal portrayal of the women visiting his tomb about to discover his ressurrection; LUNETTE= semi-circle above baptismal basin w/ good sheppard
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*Good Shepherd with Adam and Eve, dtl of wall painting at Dura-Europos (in modern Syria)
syncretisim : the process of combining multiple beliefs into one system. Sometimes the result is a completely new religion |
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Early Christian, Good Shepherd, Orants, and the Story of Jonah, catacomb of Saints Peter
And Marcellinus, Rome, painted ceiling, late 3rd century lunette (semi-circle above baptismal basin w/ good sheppard), medallion(any round ornament of decoration) |
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*Early Christian, Good Shepherd, c. 280 CE,
marble; created for a christian home bc it was found w/ sculptures portraying the prophet Jonah |
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Early Christian, Good Shepherd, c. 4th century, marble
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Early Christian, Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, c. 359, marble ; Christ enthroned & Adam and Eve
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*Reconstruction of Old St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, 320-
327 CE/Early Christian ; longitudinal plan church (forecourt/atrium leads to entrance porch/narthex. doorways/portals lead from narthex to congrgational area/nave. Nave can be lit by windows along upper level called CLERESTORY. opposite end of nave=semicircular/apse. sometimes there is a tansept/a wing that croses nave, making building T-shaped. |
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Byzantium
Justinian and Theodora (r. 527-65) |
caeseropapism
Iconoclasm |
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*Byzantine, Anthemius and Isidorus, Church of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey (formerly
Constantinople or Byzantium), c. 532-7, view from the southwest cathedra ; (means Holy wisdom) designed by two scholar-theoreticians. embodies imperial power & christian glory. Dome provides a golden, light-filled canopy above space. hybrid of longitudinal and central architectural planning. flanking conche= semidomes. dome rests on 4 pendentives (triangular curving wall sections. huge supporting piers |
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*Interior view of Hagia Sophia, looking into the central dome and pendentives
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Byzantine, Virgin Mary with Christ, Constantine, and Justinian, from Hagia Sophia,
Constantinople, c. 10th century, mosaic |
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Byzantine, Virgin Mary with Christ, Constantine, and Justinian, from Hagia Sophia,
Constantinople, c. 10th century, mosaic |
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Byzantine, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, c. 425-26
Honorius |
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*Byzantine, The Good Shepherd, mosaic in the lunette over the entrance of Galla
Placidia, c. 425-26 CE; loving, caring, protectiveness, and strength. wealth=sheep/camels. Jesus called hisself the good sheppard. not exclusively christian though. |
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Byzantine, Exterior, Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, begun in 520 and dedicated in 548n (as a martyrium)
Ostrogoths rule, Bishops Ecclesius and Maximian, Saint Vitalis, octogon dome w 8 surrounding exedrae/semicircular niches |
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*Plan and cutaway elevation of San
Vitale |
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*Plan and cutaway elevation of San
Vitale |
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*Interior, San Vitale, view from the south wall of the sanctuary, Christ enthroned and
flanked by Saint Vitalis and Bishop Ecclesius, mosaic, c. 526-47 ; |
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*Byzantine, Emperor Justinian and His Attendants, mosaic from the north wall of the apse,
San Vitale, c. 547 ; Justinian (nimbed=halo around head) zaries a golden paten that he is donating to San Vitale for the celebration of the mass( used for Eucharistic bread). at his left, bishop Maximianus holds a jeweled cross & other churchman holds jewel-covered book. government officials on his right. |
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*Byzantine, Empress Theodora and Her Attendants, mosaic from the south wall of the apse,
San Vitale, c. 547 (Adoration of the Magi); ladies of the court carries a huge, golden, jewel-encrusted chalice for euchrastic wine. Flat surface patterns. no shadows. flattened and 3d |
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perspective
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*Byzantine, Rebecca at the Well, from the Vienna Genesis, early 6th century, tempera on
vellum; manuscript page (folio) comes from a codex (bound book) written in Greek on purple vellum(fine animal skin). Purple=done for an imperial patron. Story= Genesis 24. Rebecca went to get water, filled it, ran into thirsty camel driver, offers him water, he is Abraham's son, Isaac, marries her. metallic words. |
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Byzantine, Crucifixion and Iconoclasts,
Chludov Psalter, mid 9thc, tempera on vellum; icons=independent painted panels/manuscript on walls of churches (ICONOCLASM: "image breaking". the destruction of works of visual art, bc they are inappropriate in religious context) “Iconoclast Controversy”: in 726 Emperor Leo III initiated policy destroying images of Saints and sacred stories on icons and in chuches, & persecuting those who made them. policy enforced more by Constantine V. some churches feared that the use of images in worship would lead to idolatry & be distracting. saved by iconiphiles but reappears from time to time. |
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*Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels,
Icon, 2nd half of 6th century, encaustic on Wood; rare, early icon. Virgin Mary holds Jesus on her lap; she has become his imperial throne. Iconostasis Theotokos: Virgin Mary/ bearer of God, also called Seat of idom |
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Virgin and Child, Icon, ca. 6th or 7th century,
Paint on wood or paper |
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Virgin of Vladimir, icon, faces only 12th
Century, Constantinople, paint on panel |
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Byzantine, Crucifixion, Church of the Dormition, Greece, 11th century, mosaic
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Byzantine, Monastery of Hosios Loukas, c. 1040, Stiris, Greece
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*Byzantine, Interior, Hosios Loukas, c. 1040,
Stiris, Greece; after iconoclasm, bzantine flourished.schism of 1054 divided christianity into Roman Catholic Church in West Europe & Eastern Orthodox Church of Constantinople. Middle Byzantine. An icon screen (iconostasis) seperates sanctuary from congregation. |
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*Byzantine, Anastasis from the Church of the Monastery of Christ, Chora, Turkey, 1310-21, wall painting; Resurrection of Christ, fills in apse, site of Christ's funeral
mandorla:A pointed oval figure used as an architectural feature and as an aureole enclosing figures such as Christ or the Virgin Mary |