Late Antique/early Christian

Front 1

Constantine defeated the former tetrarch Maxentius at the Battle of the

Back 1

The Milvian Bridge

Front 2

As the new Roman Empire, Constantine adopted and promoted the new religion

Back 2

Christianity

Front 3

Constantine celebrated his victory with a triumphal arch and a new building which most Romans would have called a Temple, and Christians consider the first official Christian Church

Back 3

Church of St. Peter (on the Vitican Hill)

Front 4

The architects of the new church of St. Peter used this type of Roman public building as a model

Back 4

basilica

Front 5

Classical artists typically indicate the physical presence of God in naturalistic (if idealized) sculpture. Early Christian artists prefer this type of representation

Back 5

Symbolic Representations, things like grapes, fish and lambs

Front 6

Despite the biblical prohibition against worship of "graven images" the 3rd century synagogue at Dura Europos is decorated with murals, but _______ is never represented in figural form

Back 6

God

Front 7

In the Consecration of the Tabernacle scene, the figure of Aaron is larger than the other figures because

Back 7

He is the most important

Front 8

Aaron is also shown as flatter than the other figures because

Back 8

it shows emphasis that Aaron is a symbol rather than a physical likeness

Front 9

The floor of a synagogue at Hammath Tiberias includes an image of the Classical God Helios/Apollo; is this a "formal borrowing" of decorative scheme? or a deliberate "transfer of authority" of traditional imagery? Which do you think and why?

Back 9

...

Front 10

Would you make the same answer regarding the spoilia on the arch of Constantine? why?

Back 10

...

Front 11

The earliest Christian painting in Rome survives in the context:

Back 11

Catacombs

Front 12

In the first centuries of Christianity, Rome Christians buries their dead in a network of underground passages called:

Back 12

Catacombs

Front 13

Among the type of subjects represented on the walls and ceilings of these underground passages might be:

Back 13

scenes of salvation or rescue from some peril

Front 14

Roman burials were always _____ the city walls

Back 14

outside

Front 15

One concrete method by which the early Christians express their belief in immortality of the soul, and suggest and the unimportance of physical death might be

Back 15

allowing the dead body inside the church

Front 16

The earliest figures which may be represent Christ show Him in this role:

Back 16

as a good shepherd

Front 17

The alter of the Christian Church is typically aligned towards this cardinal point

Back 17

east

Front 18

Requirements for a Christian Church include a place for the congregation to meet, but the focus of the liturgy is the celebration of the

Back 18

mass/ Eucharist

Front 19

Models for churches include another type of Roman building, such as Costantia's ______ mausoleum

Back 19

tomb

Front 20

The church of Santa Costanza in Rome and the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia both served two functions, they were used as

Back 20

Tombs and churches

Front 21

The 4 books of the New Testament are the 4

Back 21

Gospels

Front 22

Name the 4 Evangelists and their symbol

Back 22

Mark is shown as a lion
Luke is shown as a bull
John is shown as an eagle

Front 23

Roman burials are invariably outside the city walls; why did Christian churches incorporate dead bodies?

Back 23

both as a memorial to the dead, & a way of showing how unimportant is the physical body

Front 24

Early Christian and Byzantine churches are usually decorated in this medium

Back 24

mosaic

Front 25

Mosaics may use tesserae of glass and gold deliberately places at irregular angles to create this effect

Back 25

the gold glitters, created a heavenly glow

Front 26

Adherents of Jewish and Christian and Muslim religions were referred to as

Back 26

people of the book.

Front 27

Indications of the Roman royal or imperial statues include this color, adapted to signify the status of Jesus

Back 27

Purple

Front 28

Mosaic decorations of churches tell a story and convey a message, the theme of the mosaics in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore is

Back 28

the history of human salvation

Front 29

Some of the representations seem deliberately un-naturalistic; in the scene of Lot and Abraham, why does the artist insert a silver of gold between the two lines

Back 29

Visually emphasizes their separation, and their separate choices

Front 30

For the "People of the Book", the written word of God is important. In the 4th century, the format of books changed from ______ to ______

Back 30

scroll replaces with bound codex

Front 31

In the first few centuries after the birth of Christ, Christianity was an "underground" religion; by 359 CE, the "Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus" lets us know that Christianity is an important official religion because

Back 31

This sarcophagus, with illustrated scenes of bible stories

Front 32

In the 4th century, Constantine moves the capital of the Roman empire from _____ to the small trading port of Byzantium, which he renames ______

Back 32

Rome to Constantinople

Front 33

In 349 CE the sacred games at Olympia were ______ and Roman temples were _______

Back 33

Ended
Closed

Front 34

In the 5th century CE Rome was _____ by the Goths

Back 34

Sacked(attacked and looted)

Front 35

Churches in the _____ tend to be Basilica form and churches in the ______ tend to use a central plan

Back 35

West
East

Front 36

The figures of Justinian in San Vitale are described having no physical form or earthly space, but as existing in an eternal present; how does this artist create this effect?

Back 36

very flattened figures, without modeling, the drapery a simple pattern against gold ground, feet stand on nothing but seem to float with pointed toes

Front 37

What are the Justinian and Theodora holding? Why?

Back 37

A loaf of bread and a cup of wine- the elements of sacrament of the Eucharist in which they are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.

Front 38

The square nave of Hagia Sophia is roofed with a circular dome; the triangular architectural feature makes a transition between the two shapes is called a

Back 38

Pendentive

Front 39

The dome of Hagia Sophia seems to float because

Back 39

a row of closely space windows at the base

Front 40

Procopius describes the church, and suggests that the purpose of the design and decoration is

Back 40

one's mind is "lifted up towards God... feeling that He cannot be far away"

Front 41

Hagia Sophia does not quite look as it did in Justinian's time because this is missing from the walls

Back 41

the figural mosaics

Front 42

The windows at the base of the dome of Hagia Sophia serve this practical function

Back 42

To admit light

Front 43

And this expressive function

Back 43

to suggest light from God

Front 44

Micheal is described as compelling because of its disembodied quality; how does the artist create this effect

Back 44

one element is an oddly inconsistent relationship between figute and architecture (arms in front of feet behind the columns)

Front 45

An ivory or a painting made in two parts hinged together is called a

Back 45

diptych

Front 46

In the illustrated page of the Vienna Genesis, why is the Virgin Mary on a donkey represented twice?

Back 46

"continues narration", this is, two episodes in the same story

Front 47

A typical feature of Byxantine art are images which may be portable objects used for personal devotion

Back 47

icons

Front 48

Controversy in the 8th century concerned the use of images - whether they were useful aids to worship, or graven those whose use was akin to worshipping idols. Emperor Leo III encouraged the destruction of all images; this destruction is called

Back 48

iconclasm

Front 49

In the Christian, Jewish and Islamic faiths, the prohibition against the worship of idols comes from this document

Back 49

10 commandments

Front 50

The "Middle" Byzantine church of Daphne uses a central plan decorated with narratives; to read the images in order one must circulate through the chuch. This movement may intent to evoke this kind of journey

Back 50

pilgrimage

Front 51

Hallmarks of Byzantine art include stiff figures and gold grounds, a style described in italy as

Back 51

The Greek Style

Front 52

Static images glowing with the radiance of heaven might be effectively represented in mosaic, but the dramatic images of the Anastasis at the church of Kariye Camii in Istanbul are in this medium

Back 52

painted in fresco

Front 53

The city once known as Constantinople is not the modern city of

Back 53

Istanbul