Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1. List key questions to obtain a health history for the respiratory system. (8 total)
|
1)cough,
2)Shortness of breath, 3)chest pain (note inspiration expiration), 4) hx: resp infection/ allergies, 5) History of smoking 6) chest surgery 7) environmental exposure 8) self care |
|
|
What are the functions of the plurae?
|
contains lubricating fluid,
neg pressure lung to chestwall active in lung expansion. |
|
|
What two muscles are used in inspiration?
|
diaphram and intercostal muscles
|
|
|
Is expiration or inspiration active or passive?
|
Inpiration is active
Expiration is passive |
|
|
What 4 muscle/muscle groups are utilized in forced expiration:
|
1)sternomastoid
2) Scaleni 3) trapezious 4) abd. muscles |
|
|
What is a normal ratio AP to transverse diameter in an infant under age of 6
|
AP=Transverse diameter
1:1 |
|
|
In a normal adult aged > 6years
What is the normal ration of AP to transverse diameter |
AP<Transverse diameter
1:2 to 5:7 |
|
|
What condition does a person have if a adult has an equal Anterio posterior diameter and transverse diameter
|
"Barrel chested"
hyperinflation of lungs Chronic emphysema and Asthma |
|
|
By what age should the AP to transverse diameter be 1:2 to 5:7
|
6
|
|
|
What two may limit thoracic cage excursion
|
kyphosis
Scoliosis |
|
|
What severity of deviation from normal in scoliosis mark a person at risk for impaired cardiopulmonary function
|
>45 degrees
|
|
|
Who has the most prevalence of scoliousis and what age
|
adolescent girls
|
|
|
A hump back spine is what configuration
|
Kyphosis
|
|
|
A S shaped spine is
|
Scoliosis
|
|
|
When AP=transverse
|
Barrell chest
Infant under age 6 emphysema asthma hypervent |
|
|
A Pigion breast is what spine config
|
Pectus Carinantum
|
|
|
A funnel breast is what spine configuration
|
Pectus Ecavatom
|
|
|
What is normal diaghragmatic excursion in adults
|
3 to 5 cm
|
|
|
What condition would extend diaghramatic excursion to 7 to 8 cm
|
well condition people
|
|
|
What would a high level of dullness and absence of excusion during diaghragmatic excursion indicate? what two diseases would be expected?
|
fluid in space between pleura
1) plueral effusion 2) atelectasis of lower lobes |
|
|
What lung has 3 lobes?
|
the right
|
|
|
What lung is slightly higher due to location of liver
|
right
|
|
|
The sternal angle is also known as the
|
Angle of louis
|
|
|
What does the angle of loui mark
|
tracheal bifurcation
start counting ribs |
|
|
What is a normal costal angel
|
90 or <
|
|
|
A costal angle of what would indicate chronic overinflated lungs or emphysemia
|
>90
|
|
|
What rib and line describe the upper horzontal fissure border of the right lung
|
4th rib, mid sternal line
|
|
|
What anatomical landmarks mark the distal portion of the right middle lobe
|
5 th rib and mid axilary line
|
|
|
the inferior border of both oblique fissures can be found at
|
6th rib and the midclavicular line
|
|
|
The superior boder of the Right Lower Lobe and Left Lower Lobe can be located on what anatomical structure
|
T3
|
|
|
What lung has 3 lobes?
|
the right
|
|
|
What lung is slightly higher due to location of liver
|
right
|
|
|
The sternal angle is also known as the
|
Angle of louis
|
|
|
What does the angle of loui mark
|
tracheal bifurcation
start counting ribs |
|
|
What is a normal costal angel
|
90 or <
|
|
|
A costal angle of what would indicate chronic overinflated lungs or emphysemia
|
>90
|
|
|
What rib and line describe the upper horzontal fissure border of the right lung
|
4th rib, mid sternal line
|
|
|
What anatomical landmarks mark the distal portion of the right middle lobe
|
5 th rib and mid axilary line
|
|
|
the inferior border of both oblique fissures can be found at
|
6th rib and the midclavicular line
|
|
|
The superior boder of the Right Lower Lobe and Left Lower Lobe can be located on what anatomical structure
|
T3
|
|
|
Where should you start posterior chest auscultation and where do you end
|
start c7 to T10
|
|
|
Which lung is shorter why
|
The right lung is shorter than the left becauase of the location of the liver
|
|
|
which lung is narrower why
|
left location of heart
|
|
|
When Aucultation what part of the chest contains the majority of upper and middle lobes
|
anterior chest
|
|
|
when auscultating what part of the chest contains mostly lower lobes
|
Posterior
|
|
|
What side of lung has no middle lobe
|
Left
|
|
|
What is the breathing rate of a healthy adult
|
10-20 / min
|
|
|
What is the normal adult depth in ml of respiration
|
500 to 800ml
|
|
|
What is the ratio of FEV/FVC of a normal outcome of an adult patient with a spirometer
|
75% or greater
|
|
|
What FEV1/FCV of a patient with mild obstruction to airflow
|
60-70%
|
|
|
Moderate obstruction would measure what with the use of a spirometer
|
50-60%
|
|
|
What type of obstruction occurs when FEV1/FCV is 50% or lower
|
Sever obstruction
|
|
|
What is the normal Pulse oximetry result
|
95%-97% and greater
|
|
|
What is the normal ration of Pules to respiration
|
4 pulses to one respiration
|
|
|
What normal part of respiration occurs to expand avioli
|
Sigh
|
|
|
continued sighing leads to what two disorders
|
1)hyperventilation
2) Dizziness |
|
|
What type of respiration is shallow rapid short breathing
|
Tachypnea
|
|
|
What respiratory rate indicates tachypnea
|
>24/min
|
|
|
What 4 pathologic conditions result in tachypnea respirations
|
1) respiratory insufficiency
2) Pneumonia 3) alkalosis 4) Pluerosy and leasons in pons |
|
|
What type of respiratory pattern is slow and regular
|
Bradypnea
|
|
|
What respiratory rate indicates bradypnea
|
<10/ min
|
|
|
What respiratory pattern is Irregular and slow
|
Hypoventilation
|
|
|
What respiratory pattern is due to prolonged bedrest or conscious splinting of the chest to avoid respiratory pain
|
Hypoventilation
|
|
|
What are the 3 causes of bradypnea
|
1) drug induced resp depression of medulla
2) Increased ICP 3) diabetic coma |
|
|
What respiratory pattern is an increase in both rate and depth
|
hyperventilation
|
|
|
What respirary pattern is present in diabetic ketoacidosis, hepatic coma, and lesions of the midbrain
|
hyperventilation
|
|
|
What respiratory pattern blows of CO2
|
hyperventilation
|
|
|
What may result from hyperventilation. What does hyperventilation cause (what does blowing off CO2) cause
|
alkalosis
|
|
|
What respiratory pattern generally wax's and weynes in a regular pattern.
|
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of Cheyne stokes respiration
|
Severe heart failure
|
|
|
Where does cheyne-stokes appear nonpathologically
|
Normal infants
Elderly in sleep |
|
|
What respiratory pattern generally wax's and waynes irregularyly
|
biots
|
|
|
What 5 possible conditions will manifest biots respiration
|
1) head trauma
2) heat stroke 3) Spinal Meningitus 4) brain abcess 5) encephalitus |
|
|
Kussmaul respirations are what type of respiratory pattern
|
hyperventilatio associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.
|
|
|
Metabolic Acidosis will cause what breathing pattern
|
Hyperventilation
|
|
|
What respiratory pattern is marked by normal inspiration and prolonged expiration in all lung fields
|
chronic obstructive breathing
|
|
|
What is the sequence of Assessment techniques for thoracic and lung assessment
|
1) inspect
2) Palpate 3) percussion 3) Auscultate |
|
|
What 3 factors can affect the intesity of tactile fremitus
|
1) relative location of bronchi to chest wall
2) Pitch and intensity 3) thickness of chest wall |
|
|
What condition and disease would increased tactile fremitus be present in
|
increased desity of lung
pneumonia |
|
|
What 4 pathological conditions would manifest decreased tactile fremitus
|
1) obstructed bronchus
2) pleural effusion 3) pneumothorax 4) emphysema |
|
|
What percussion note is present when percussion over the scapula
|
flat
|
|
|
What should you hear over the pleural cavities when percussion
|
resonance
|
|
|
Over what 3 organs should dullness be percussed when assessing the chest and thorax
|
heart
liver diaphram. |
|
|
What quadrant of the chest should tympani be percussed. Over what organ will tympani resonate.
|
LLQ Stomach
|
|
|
What may imitate the adventagious lung sound like crackles
|
hair on patients chest
|
|
|
What will minimalize artificial rales caused by pateints hairy chest
|
pressing the stethoscope harder
dampaning hair with wet cloth |
|
|
What breath sound is high in pitch and loud in amplitude
|
Bronchial
|
|
|
When Auscultating breath sounds, what duration would be expected with bronchial breath sounds
|
Inpiration <Experation
|
|
|
What breath sound would be classified as hollow and tubular in quality
|
Bronchial
|
|
|
What breath sound is low in pitch and soft in amplitude
|
Vesicular
|
|
|
What is the duration of Inspiration compared to expiration in Vesicular breath sounds
|
Inspiration > Expiration.
|
|
|
What breath sound has equal inspiration and expiration
|
bronchovesicular
|
|
|
What type of advantageous breath sound is cracking and popping in quality (not cleared by cough)
|
fine crackle
|
|
|
What type of advantageous breath sound is a high pitch when inhaired air collides with deflated airway
|
fine crackles
|
|
|
Whan Fine crackles are heard in late inspiration what 3 diseases are possible causes
|
1) pneumonia
2) Heart Failure 3) Intistitial fibrosis |
|
|
When Fine crackles are heard in early inpsiration what 3 diseases are possible causes
|
1)Chronic bronchitus
2) Chronic Asthma 3) Emphysema |
|
|
When Fine crackles are heard in expiration what is taking place
|
sudden airway closing
|
|
|
What kind of adventagious sound is not cleared by coughing (hint rice crispies)
|
Fine crackles
|
|
|
What breath sound is caused by air colliding with secrettions in the trachea and large bronchi
|
course crackles
|
|
|
What crackle breath sound is low pitch and loud
|
course crackle
|
|
|
What 4 conditions will manifest course crackles
|
1) pulmonary edema
2) Pneumonia 3) pulmonary fibrosis 4) depressed cough reflex |
|
|
Are course crackles cleared by cough
|
yes
|
|
|
What crackle is high pitched but disapear after the first few breathes
|
Atelectatic crackles
|
|
|
What happens to avioli in atelectatic crakles are heard
|
Avioli are previously partially inflated and become fully inflated.
|
|
|
Under what 3 conditions will Atelectatic crackles be heard
|
1) Aging adults
2) bedridden person 3) just roused from sleep |
|
|
High pitched polyphonic is what kind of wheezing
|
Sibilant
|
|
|
What two conditions may lead to sibilant wheezing
|
1) Asthma
2) emphysema |
|
|
Sonorous Rhonchi are at what pitch and tune
|
Low pitch
Monophonic |
|
|
What two conditions would cause sonorous Rhonchi
|
Bronchitus, Bronchal tumor
airway abstruction |
|
|
A high pitch monophonic is what kind of wheezing
|
Stridor
|
|
|
What two conditions would indicate stridor
|
coup and eppiglottis in children
Upper airway obstruction |
|
|
When is stridor present on inspiration or expiration
|
inspiration
|
|
|
Where is pleural friction rub heard best in
|
anteriolateral wall
|
|
|
What causes a pleural friction rub
|
Loss of lubrication of lung and chest wall
|
|
|
Name 5 Strategies to promote lung health
|
1) do not smoke, avoid second hand smoke
2) well ventilated enviroment no houshold chemicals 3) limit exposure to ozone 4) deep breathing exercise, regular exercise 5) Wear a mask to avoid exposure to resp illness and allergens. |
