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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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narcotics are?
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opium & all derivatives
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natural narcotic products?
half natural? synthentic? |
-opium & morphine
--heroin ---codeine, oxycontin |
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heroin color natural vs. cut?
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natural- white
cut- brown |
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purity of heroin?
avg.? |
1-98%
--35% |
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black tar avg. in heroin?
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60%
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overdose rate on heroin
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3x as much as usual use
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side effects of heroin as a depressant?
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-reduce blood pressure
-depress respiration -drowsiness -constricted pupils -constipation |
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side effects of heroin as an endorphin stimulator?
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-euphoria
-lack of pain -peace |
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toxicity of heroin?
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LD/ED ratio low: 3 (=high toxicity)
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what pharmaceutical company made opiates & distributed them?
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purdue pharma
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hallucinogens are? (6)
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-LSD
-mescaline/peyote -shrooms -MDMA -smiles (2C-I) -DMT |
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LSD comes from?
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mold called ergot
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LSD synthesized by who? when?
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albert hoffman 1943
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CIA used what in the 1950s as truth serom?
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LSD
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who popularized LSD?
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timothy leary
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physical effects of LSD
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-inc. heart rate
-flushed face -chills -inc. body temp -inc. blood sugar -sweating |
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psychological effects of LSD
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-multilevel reality
-exaggerated appearance -timelessness -sep. of mind & mody -synthesthesia (smelling a sound, etc.) |
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toxicity of LSD?
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high LD/ED ratio (=low toxicity)
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most common type of shrooms
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psilocybin
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most toxic type of shrooms
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amanita muscaria
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halluc. most common with violence?
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PCP
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"hug drug"?
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ecstacy
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ecstasy improves outcomes from people with what disorder?
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PTSD
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toxicity of ecstasy?
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low 10-20 LD/ED ratio (small toxicity)
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DMT is produced by what gland? which goes off when?
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pineal gland
-when sleep & die |
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why are hallucinogens related to youth?
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-they like to take risks
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3 club drugs?
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-ketamine
-rohyphnol -GHB |
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most common illegal drug used
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marijuana
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percent age 12+ have tried marijuana?
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42%
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percent age over 26 have tried marijuana?
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54%
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percent users of marij last month?
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7%
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think about thinking?
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metacognition
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toxicity of marijuana?
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LD/ED ratio 20,000-40,000 (toxicity very low, impossible to overdose)
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2 neurotransmitters of marijuana?
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-cannabinoid receptors
-anandamide-neuro |
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cannabinoid receptors parts? (2)
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hippocampus & immune system
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anandamine-neurotransmitter affects what? (2)
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dopamine & serotonin
-responsible for forgetting |
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amount tar/carbon monoxide in marjiuana?
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3x more tar
5x more carbon monoxide |
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negative effects of marijuana?
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-reduces fertility
-testicular cancer |
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positive effects of marijuana?
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-shrinks tumors & stop metastiasis (spreading)
-reduces inflammation in lungs |
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medical use of marij. for what?
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-glaucoma
-asthma -nausea -aids patients |
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how many states allows medical marij?
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17 plus DC
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who promised no more medical marij. raids?
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kerlinkowske
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what made marijuana a schedule 1 drug (no medical use)?
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controlled substance act of 1970
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# published studies shown marijuana has medical efficacy
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over 90
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year perscription drugs became safe & effective?
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1962
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review process for perscription drugs takes?
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2-7 months
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patents who pass a perscription drug are awarded with it for how long?
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20 years
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top 3 perscription drugs
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1) hydrocodone w/ acetaminophen
2) simvastin (high colesterol) 3) lisinopril (blood pressuer) |
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# people perscribed hydrocodone w/ acetaminophen?
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131 million
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# people perscribed w/ simvastin?
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94.1 million
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# people perscribed with lisinopril
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87.4 million
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psychotropics (2 kinds)
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-depressants (for anxiety, sleep)
-barbituates & benzodiazepines (valium, xanax, klonopin) |
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psychotropics toxicity
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very addictive, 5% chance death in withdrawal
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anti-depressants/SSRIS type drugs?
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prozac, zoloft, etc.
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long term affects of SSRIs
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weight gain
insomnia difficulty fight disease 1/3 absent orgasm sexual dysfunction |
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bipolar drugs are?
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mood stabalizers, lithium
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neg. effects of bipolar drugs
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weight gain
insatiable appetite ticks |
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stimulant type of drugs of ADHD?
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ritalin, adderall
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short term side effects of stimulants
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insomnia
anxiety depression fatigue |
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antidepressant faults?
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-maj effect is placebo (80%)
-thyroid med is equal -40% studies show no effect |
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FDA requires how many studies of effectiveness before drug passes?
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2 studies
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whitaker's long term effect study
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-drugs create the imbalance, there is no original imbalance
-worse over time w/ drugs -misinterpret withdrawals as relapse -cycle continues |
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reliance is higher on drugs than alternatives like therapy, massage, etc. because?
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is it less expensive
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massage increases serotonin by?
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28%
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birth control side effects
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bloodclots
stroke heart attacks gallbladder disease pancreatis |
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% americans on medicine?
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51%
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number of women on drugs?
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66.67% (2/3)
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number of men on drugs?
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52%
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number children on drugs?
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25% (1/4)
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number 65+ on drugs?
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75% (3/4)
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article about doctors who take $ from perscribing drugs
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doctors in bed with big pharma (NY TIMES)
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death from pharmaceutical drug is ranked how high?
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5th leading cause in US
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deaths/year by pharmaceutical drug?
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100,000
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film name
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through a blue lens
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"formacation"
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itching of the skin
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4 stimulants
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-cocaine
-crack -amphetamines -methamphetamines |
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cocaine stimulates what part of brain?
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dopamine & norepinephrine
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pupils on depressants vs. hallucinogens
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depressants constrict pupil
stimulants dilate pupil |
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effects of coke withdrawal?
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1. Anhedonia
2. Anergia 3. Intense craving for drug |
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toxicity of cocaine
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LD/ED ratio ?
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hitler used?
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meth
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cocaine was given to who in 1950s?
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-housewives for depression
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type people that use meth?
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-white
-blue collar -unemployed |
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long term effects of meth?
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-meth mouth
-formication (bugs in skin) -rotten teeth -acne/sores -psychosis -blood clots -weak immune system |
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meth leaves how much toxic waste?
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5-7 pounds
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signs of meth labs
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-nail polish remover smell
-blacked out windows -lots of traffic -excessive trash |
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how is alcohol made?
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-synthetically
-naturally (by fermation of fruits, grains) |
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amount of whiskey; wine; beer; that all equals the same (oz)
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1 oz whiskey
5 oz wine 12 oz beer |
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BAC over .08 is a factor to at least what % of fatal crashes?
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41%
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% teens involved in crashes with BAC over .08?
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85%
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inc. risk of fatal crash with BAC .02-.04?
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40%
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inc. risk of fatal crash with BAC .04-.11?
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11x
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inc. risk of fatal crash with BAC .10-.14?
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48x
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inc. risk of fatal crash with BAC acove .15?
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380x
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% of murders because alchohol
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50-60%
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% of domestic violence because alcohol?
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60-70%
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% of child molestors because alcohol?
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60%
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2nd highest drug associated with violence
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alcohol
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in 1800s avg. american had how many drinks a day?
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5
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today how much % drinks heavily?
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10%
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% adults that:
have drank currently drink temporary problems abuse |
90%
60% 40% 10-20% |
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how many people are dependant on alcohol (%)
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3-10%
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alc affects what?
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central nervous system, heart, kidney, stomach
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LD/ED ratio of alcohol
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6-10
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long term affects of alc
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decrease brain size
destroys brain cells loss of memory |
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trimester with highest risk of drinking
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1st
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alcohol increases risk of
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heart disease
breast cancer cancer of mouth, throat |
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cigs contain
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4000 chemicals
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pesticide in cigs
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hyrogen cyanite
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% of lung cancer due to smoking
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90%
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survival rate of lung cancer due to smoking
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25%
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% caffeine consumers
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85%
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caffeine toxicity
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toxic at 1000 mg (10 cups)
LD/ED ratio of 20-50 |
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peak of coffee after how many hours? half is still there after how many hours?
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-2 hours
-7 hours |
