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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Synonym for headache
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Cephalagia
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What percent of the population experiences headaches?
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90 percent
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What are some treatments of the past for headaches?
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- Hot needles in ear
- Head heating - Trepanation (holes in your scull) |
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What are the two types of headaches? What's the difference between them?
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Vascular and muscular headaches
Muscular: pain "bands" around the scull. Caused by stress Vascular: involve vasodilation (increases pressure on tissues on your head) |
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What are the 3 headache types?
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1. Toxic headaches (Poison-induced vasodilation)
2. Migraines (long + painful, experienced by small % population) - Cluster |
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What's the most common reason for toxic headaches? How does it work
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Hangover.
alcohol -> dehydrogenase ->acetaldehye -> acetaldehy dehydrogenase -> acetic acid -> hangover |
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What impacts the severity of a hangover
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Age (+ age, + congeners, + bad hangover)
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Other food, drinks that increase vascular headaches
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- Red wine, fermented foods (contains histamine)
- Cheese (contains tyramin) - Caffeine (rebound vasodilation) - Chocolate (vasodilation, + blood pressure) - Hot dogs/smoked meat (contain nitrites, vasodilators) - Monosodium glutamate - or MSG (present in Asian food, doesn't cause KWOK syndrome) - Brain free (your top palate experiences vasodilation which gets to your brain) |
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What are some treatments for toxic headaches?
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- A.S.A.
-Ibuprofen - Naproxen *NOT ACETAMINOPHEN* (overworks liver) - Caffein (Some headache meds add caffeine for rebound vasodilation) |
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What percent of the population experiences migraines?
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Men: 6 percent
Women: 18 percent |
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What are the 4 phases of migraines?
- Name - % population inflicted - effects - Duration |
1. Prodrome
- 30-40% population - mood swings - 1 to 2 days before migraine 2. Aura - 20 - 30% of population - Scotomas (flashes of light), olfactory and auditory hallucinations, vertigo, reduced sensations, hypersensitivity. - 1 to 2 hours before the pain 3. Pain! - Everyone who has migraines - Pain on half of the head, nausea, GI disturbances, sensitivity to light/sound/smell - Lasts 1 to 72 hours 4. Postdrome: - Most people - Feels hungover, poor concentration, exhaustion, depressed. |
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What are some treatments for migraines?
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-A.S.A.
- Acetaminophen - Ibuprophen - Naproxen - Prescription meds (severe cases) - Triptan (can avoid migraine if you take it before the pain phase) |
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How is Rye bread associated with witchcraft?
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Rye bread -> ergot fungus -> St. Anthony's fire -> effects that resembled those of witches (gangrene + hallucinations) -> she's a witch! -> throwing women off of cliffs to prove they're witches
St. Anthony's fire is caused by ingesting too much ergotamine (often found from ergot fungus in rye bread), and it's affects ressembled those of witches. |
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What's the active ingredient of ergot? Why can it be dangerous?
- A. Stoll |
Ergotamine (isolated by Arthur Stoll). Ergotamine is a senstivie drug (the margin between the drug and the poisonous dose is very small)
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What makes a drug drug-like?
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1. Must have a specific beneficial effect (benefit > risk)
2. Must have limited side effects (low incidence and small impact) 3. Should be cheap to manufacture 4. Should be patentable (can be approved by the FDA or other agency) |
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How was LSD discovered ?
- A. Hoffman |
- Albert Hoffman accidentally licked LSD off his finger while working in his lab
- When on the first LSD "trip" (bicycle day) - The CIA did further tests on LSD in the 50s on patients without their consent. This had a bad turnout: patients had severe psychological issues when they grew older. - LSD causes hallucinations |
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What causes a mirgraine?
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Shortage of serotonin levels
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What are artificial drugs that ressemble serotonin?
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- SUMAtriptan
- RIZAtriptan -NARAtriptan -ZOLMItriptan -ELEtriptan -ALMOtriptan |
