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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the axilla provide the upper extremity with?
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A passageway for vessels, nerves and lymphatics
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What is the shape of the axilla?
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A pyramidal shaped space with 4 sides, a base and an apex
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What is the anterior boundary of the axilla?
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Formed by the clavicle, pectoralis major and pec minor. Anterior axillary fold formed by the lateral portions of pec major and pec minor mm
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What is the medial border of the axilla?
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Formed by the ribs, intercostal mm. and serratus anterior m.
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What is the lateral wall of the axilla?
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formed by the intertubercular sulcus of humerus containing the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii
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What makes up the base of the axilla?
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skin and superficial fascia of the armpit
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What is the apex of the axilla?
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the opening bounded by the clavicle (anterior), scapula (posterior) and first rib (medial). This opening is the junction between the axilla and neck.
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What is contained in the axilla?
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Cords of brachial plexus
Axillary artery Axillary vein Axillary lymph nodes Muscle tendons of Coracobrachialis Biceps Brachii-short head Biceps Brachii-long head |
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What is the axillary artery a continuation of?
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subclavian artery
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Where does the axillary artery begin and end at?
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Begins at lateral border of first rib at apex of axilla
Ends at lower border of teres major |
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How many parts make up the axillary artery?
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3 parts!
First part appeasrs between first rib and medial border of pec minor; only branch coming off of it is the supreme thoracic artery 2nd part is located deep to pec minor; has two branches which include the thoracoacromial trunk and the lateral thoracic artery Third part appears lateral to lateral border of the pec minor; three branches include subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex and posterior humeral circumflex |
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The axillary vein is a continuation of what vein?
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Basilic vein in the arm
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Where does the axillary vein begin?
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lower border of teres major muscle
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Where does the axillary vein terminate?
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lateral border of first rib where it becomes continuous with the subclavian vein
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Where do the tributaries of the axillary vein correspond to?
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branches of the axillary artery
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How many axillary lymph nodes are there?
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number varies from 12-36
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What are the axillary subgroup lymph nodes?
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Apical
Central nodes Lateral nodes Subscapular nodes Pectoral nodes |
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Where are the apical nodes located?
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medially on proximal part of axillary vein close to apex. Recieve lymph from all other axillary nodes.
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Where are the central nodes located?
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on axillary vein posterior to pec minor. Recieves lymph from three remaining subgroups; sends lymph to apical nodes
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Where are the lateral nodes located?
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distal part of axillary vein recieve lymph from upper extremity, but not the shoulder. sends lymph to central nodes
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Where are the subscapular nodes?
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next to subscapular artery and vein. send lymph to central nodes
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Where are the pectoral nodes?
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adjacent to lateral thoracic artery and vein. recieve lymph from breast and anterior thoracic wall. send lymph to apical and central nodes
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Clinical correlation-
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collateral circulation of the scapular is extensive. The axillary artery may be ligated (tied off) between the thyrocervical trunk and the subscapular artery. In this case the direction of blood flow in the subscapular artery becomes reversed and arterial blood reaches the distal portion of the axillary artery. Note that the subscapular artery recieves its blood via several anastomoses with the suprascapular, transverse cervical, and some intercostal arteries. Therefore, ligation of the axillary artery distal to the subscapular artery is medical malpractice
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