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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adenine |
Nitrogen base that connects to the NB T in DNA and NB U in RNA |
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Guanine |
Nitrogen base that connects to the NB C in DNA and RNA |
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Cytosine |
Nitrogen base that connects to the NB G in DNA and RNA |
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Thymine |
Nitrogen base that connects to the NB A in DNA |
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Uracil |
Nitrogen base that connects to the NB A in RNA |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, contains the genetic information for the cell, consists of Nitrogen bases for the "rungs" of the ladder and Phosphate and Sugars as the "glue" to hold all the bases together, double stranded |
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RNA |
Similar to DNA but instead of thymine, RNA has uracil and is single stranded |
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deoxyribose |
sugar molecules that make up DNA, C₅H₁₀O₄ |
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ribose |
sugar molecules that make up RNA, C₅H₁₀O₅ |
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mRNA |
messenger RNA, transcription occurs with this RNA, this RNA is used to carry information directly from DNA before it gets "translated" into "ribosome language" |
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translation |
the process whereby genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm |
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transcription |
the process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA |
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tRNA |
transfer RNA, translation occurs with this type of RNA, this RNA is turned into "understandable" material for the ribosome to synthesize proteins using codons |
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codon |
three nitrogen bases on tRNA that stand for a specific amino acid used in protein synthesis |
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double helix |
"twisted ladder shape," spiral staircase |
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double stranded |
two long strands connected by a hydrogen bond |
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single stranded |
one long strand that is not bonded to another strand |
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nucleotides |
nitrogen bases - thymine, cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil |
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nitrogen base |
ATCGU attached to the sugar in DNA and RNA |
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phosphate group |
important structural piece of DNA between each sugar molecule, nitrogen bases are NOT attached to the phosphate group |
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protein synthesis |
creation of proteins from the DNA to RNA to proteins, DNA opens and transcription occurs (mRNA is made from the DNA) and the mRNA carries the instructions to then become a part of translation in which mRNA turns to tRNA, the tRNA (made up of ONLY 3 nitrogen bases known as a codon) brings the amino acid to the ribosome the ribosome then reads the tRNA and creates the designated protein |
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replication |
creating an exact copy |
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gene |
the part of DNA that directs the making of a specific protein |
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ribosome |
organelle in cytoplasm responsible for creating proteins |
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mutation |
a change in DNA during replication or protein synthesis |
