Dna And Rna Imkita

Front 1

The structure of the nucleus

Back 1

· Nuclear membrane: a double membrane that is continous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

· Nucleoplasm: a jelly-like fluid which contains free nucleotide bases

· Nucleoulus: a dark body tgar manufactures and contains ribosomal RNA

· Chromatin network: tangled threads that occur throughout the nucleoplasm. When cells divide the network condenses to form chromosomes

Front 2

Functions of the nucleus

Back 2

· The control center for all activities in the cell

· Chromosomes carry hereditary characteristics from cell to cell and from parent to child

Front 3

The structure of nucleic acids

Back 3

· Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids

· Both types of nucleic acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides

· Each nucleotide is made up of a:

° Nitrogenous base

° Sugar portion (ribose or deoxyribose)

° Phosphate portion

Front 4

Kinds of DNA

Back 4

· Nuclear DNA - Found within the nucleus. Together with histones, it makes up chromosomes

· Extra-nuclear DNA - DNA found outside the nucleus

· Chloroplastic DNA -DNA found in the chloroplasts

· Mitochondrial DNA/mtDNA - DNA found in the mitochondria (helps us trace our ancestors)

Front 5

Function of Nuclear DNA

Back 5

· Controls the structure and functioning of the cell by controlling the synthesis of proteins

· Transmits hereditary characteristics from parent to child

Front 6

Structure of DNA

Back 6

· Made up of monomers called nucleotides

· The sugar it has is deoxyribose

· Has adenine, guanine (purines), and cystosine, thymine (pyrimidines)

· The sugar molecule becomes attached to the phosphate ion of another by sugar-phosphate bonds

· There are two complementary base pairs:

° Cytosine and guanine

° Adenine and thymine

· The nitrogenous bases are held together with weak hydrogen bonds

· DNA makes a double helix

Front 7

What are the purines?

Back 7

Adenine and guanine

Front 8

What are the pyrimidines?

Back 8

Cytosine and thymine

Front 9

What holds the nitrogenous bases together?

Back 9

Weak hydrogen bonds

Front 10

The shape of DNA

Back 10

Double helix

Front 11

Genes

Back 11

· A small section of DNA that carries the genetic code for the formation of particular traits and proteins

Front 12

Non-coding DNA

Back 12

· Sections of DNA that do not carry code for proteins or any other characteristic

Front 13

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Back 13

Found in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 14

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Back 14

Found in the nucleus but moves out of the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm later

Front 15

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Back 15

Found in the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 16

Functions of RNA

Back 16

All three types play an important role in protein synthesis

Front 17

The structure of RNA

Back 17

· single-stranded

· uncoiled

· the sugar is ribose

· thymine is replaced by uracil

· shorter chains

Front 18

Differences between DNA and RNA

Back 18