Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
first stage of making protein |
transcription |
|
|
where is information coded in a cell |
dna |
|
|
what does dna do |
instructs the cell to make a messenger rna molecule out of individual nucleotides |
|
|
where does transcription take place |
nucleus |
|
|
where does the process where each RNA nucleotide matches to the complementary DNA nucleotide take place |
nucleus |
|
|
in this process, what replaces what |
uracil replaces thymine |
|
|
what happens when the mrna strand is complete |
it rezips and remains in the nucleus |
|
|
what are mrna strands used for after they are complete |
templates for rna |
|
|
what does the new mrna strand do once transcription is complete |
leaves the nucleus and moves into the cytoplasm |
|
|
where does translation take place |
on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
|
|
what are the triplets of bases in mrna called |
codons |
|
|
what do codons match with |
anti-codons |
|
|
what does dna stand for |
deoxyrybonucleic acid |
|
|
what shape is dna in |
double helix |
|
|
what is dna built from |
nucleotides |
|
|
what are the parts of a nucleotide |
phosphate group, deoxyribose, and a nitrogen containing base |
|
|
what are the four kinds of bases found on a nucleotide |
thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine |
|
|
which bases pair with which |
adenine and thymine guanine and cytosine |
|
|
what are genes made from |
dna |
|
|
what contains the instructions for making proteins |
dna |
|
|
what do proteins do structurally |
build cell parts and repair damage |
|
|
what do proteins do functionally |
fight disease, regulate chemical reactions |
|
|
what determines what order amino acids go in a protein |
genes |
|
|
nucleotides are read ______ at a time |
three |
|
|
nucleotides correspond to _______ |
amino acids that will be built |
|
|
translation = |
dna to proteins |
|
|
what is a gene |
a segment of dna |
|
|
what two scientists established the structure of dna |
james watson and francis crick |
|
|
what are the sides of the dna ladder made of |
sugar and phosphates |
|
|
replication |
process of copying dna |
|
|
carbs |
monosaccharides shells of crabs, cell walls of plants, energy |
|
|
lipids |
triglycerides fats, waxes, steroids |
|
|
what are triglycerides made of |
glycerol and three fatty acid side chains |
|
|
nucleic acids |
nucleotides: uracil, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine DNA: chromatin, mrna, trna, rrna |
|
|
amino acids |
a carboxyl group and a conjugate base |
|
|
essential amino acids |
we can’t make these, need to consume in our diets |
|
|
non-essential amino acids |
we can make these |
|
|
conditional amino acids |
essential for children, not adults |
|
|
proteins |
amino acids muscles, connective tissues, cell membranes, hemoglobin, chlorophyll |
