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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
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DNA |
a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information |
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Nucleotide |
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA |
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Purine |
a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming uric acid on oxidation |
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Pyrimidine |
a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties |
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DNA replication |
is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules |
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DNA Helicase |
are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes |
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DNA Polymerase |
type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA |
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RNA |
a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins |
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Gene Expression |
the appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene. |
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Transcription |
is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA |
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Translation |
RNA sequence is read using the genetic code, which is a set of rules that defines how an mRNA sequence is to be translatedinto the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. |
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Codon |
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
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Mutation |
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations |
