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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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deoyribose |
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen |
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nitrogenous base |
Nitrogen-bearing compound with chemical properties of a base |
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purine |
a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming uric acid on oxidation |
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pyrimidine |
a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties. |
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base-pairing rules
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constraints imposed by the molecular structure of DNA and RNA on the formation of hydrogen bonds among the four purine and pyrimidine bases such that adenine pairs with thymine or uracil |
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complementary base pair |
nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA |
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base sequence |
The order of nucleotide bases in a dna molecule. |
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DNA replication |
DNA is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule |
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helicase |
an enzyme that seperates dna strands |
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replication fork |
a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated
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dna polymerase |
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule. |
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mutation |
a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule. |
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RNA |
an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function |
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transcription |
the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template;particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of DNA molecule as a template |
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translation |
a portion of protein synthesis that takes place of ribosomes and that uses the condons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
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protein synthesis |
the formation of protein by using information in DNA and carried by mRNA |
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ribose |
a five carbon sugar present in RNA |
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mRNA |
a single stranded RNA molecule that encodes the info.to make a protein |
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rRNA |
an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell that is responsible for ribosome function |
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tRNA |
an RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation |
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RNA polymerase |
an enzyme that starts the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template |
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promoter |
a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds,which initiates the transcription of a specific gene |
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termination signal |
a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene |
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genetic code |
the rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides,read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides that corresponds to specific amino acids sequence of a protein |
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codon |
a three molecule sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
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anticodon |
a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complimentary to the codon of mRNA |
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genome |
the complete genetic material contained in an individual |
