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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CELLS PERFORM METABOLIC REACTIONS THAT PROVIDE ENERGY FOR WHAT?
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ENERGY FOR SYNTHESIS OF ATP
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2 ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS FOR METABOLIC PROCESSES?
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OXYGEN AND ORGANIC MOLECULES
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INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS INTO THE DIGESTIVE TRACT BY WAY OF MOUTH
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INGESTION
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MOVES FOOD ALONG THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. IT INCLUDES SWALLOWING AND PERISTALSIS.
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PROPULSION
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THE MAJOR MEANS OF PROPULSION, INVOLVES ALTERNATE WAVES OF CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLES IN THE ORGAN WALLS
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PERISTALSIS
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PHYSICAL MANIPULATION OR DISTORTION THAT MAKES MATERIALS EASIER TO PROPEL ALONG DIGESTIVE TRACT
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MECHANICAL DIGESTION
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MECHANICAL DIGESTION?
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INCREASES SURGACE AREA FOR ENZYMATIC ACTION
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MEETING POINT OF THE TEETH
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OCCLUSION
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OF THE DIVISIONS OF THE PHARYNX, WHICH IS NOT PART OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
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NASOPHARYNX
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WHAT'S THE EXTRA LAYER OF STOMACH IN THE PYLORIC REGION?
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OBLIQUE MUSCLES
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FUNCTIONS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID?
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ACTIVATES PEPSIN, BREAKS UP CONNECTIVE TISSUES AND CELL WALL, CONVERTS FERIC IONS TO FERIS IONS AND DESTROYS BACTERIA DIGESTED
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INACTIVE FORM OF PESIN
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PEPSINOGEN
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ONLY STOMACH FUNCTION ESSENTIAL TO LIFE
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SECRETION OF INTRINSIC FACTOR
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COMMON PASSAGEWAY OF FOOD, LIQUID, AND AIR
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PHARYNX
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WHICH DIVISION OF THE PHARYNX IS LINED BY PSUEDOSTRATISFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
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NASOPHARYNX
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DIVISION OF PHARYNX LINED WITH STRATISFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
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OROPHARYNX AND LARYNGOPHARYNX
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THE ESOPHAGUS PENETRATES THE DIAPHRAGM AT WHAT STRUCTURE
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ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS
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WHERE IS INTRINSIC FACTOR PRODUCED?
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STOMACH
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WHAT IS A SOUPY ACIDIC MIXTURE OF PARTIALLY DIGESTED FOOD CALLED?
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CHYME
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SMALLEST REGION OF STOMACH, LOCATED NEAR ESOPHAGUS
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CARDIA
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CONTAINS ABUNDANT MUCUS GLANDS THAT PREVENT ACIDS AND ENZYMES FROM ENTERING ESOPHAGUS
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CARDIAC SPHINCTER
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REGULATES RELEASE OF CHYME INTO DUODENUM
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PYLORIC SPHINCTER
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LARGEST REGION OF STOMACH IS THE BODY, WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION
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IT SERVES AS MIXING TANK FOR FOOD AND SECRETIONS
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MUCOSA IS THROWN INTO PROMINANT FOLDS KNOWN AS WHAT
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RUGAE
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3 LAYES OF MUSCLE ASSOCIATED WITH STOMACH
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LONGITUDINAL, CIRCULAR, AND OBLIQUE
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WHICH OF THE STOMACH MUSCLES COULD BE CONSIDERED "EXTRA"
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OBLIQUE
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5 SECRETORY CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS
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MUCOUS CELLS, PARIETAL CELLS, CHIEF CELLS, STEM CELLS, AND ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS
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CELLS THAT ARE PREDOMINANT IN CARDIAC AND PYLORIC GLANDS, SECRETE MUCUS, AND ARE CONCENTRATED IN NECK OF GLANDS NEAR OPENINGS OF GASTRIC PITS
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MUCOUS CELLS
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FOUND AT BASE OF GASTRIC PITS AND NECK OF GLANDS, THEY DIVIDE RAPIDLY AND MOVE UP TO SURFACE AND DOWN INTO GLANDS TO REPLACE CELLS
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REGENERATIVE OR STEM CELLS
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MOSTLY IN GASTRIC GLANDS, BUT SOME IN PYLORIC GLANDS, FOUND MOSTLY IN PROXIMAL PORTIONS OF GLAND
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PARIETAL CELLS
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MOST ABUNDANT OF GASTRIC CELLS, LOCATED AT BASE OF GASTRIC GLANDS
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CHIEF OR ZYGOMATIC CELLS
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WHAT DO CHIEF CELLS SECRETE
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PEPSINOGIN, CHYMOSIN, AND LIPASE
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CELLS CONCENTRATED AT LOWER END OF GLANDS AND SECRETE HORMONES TO REGULATE DIGESTION
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ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS
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HORMONE THAT STIMULATES GASTRIC MOTILITY
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SEROTONIN
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HORMONE THAT STIMULATES SECRETION OF HCl
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HISTAMINE
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HORMONE THAT STIMULATES GASTRIC GLANDS
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GASTRIN
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HORMONE THAT INHIBITS RELEASE OF GASTRIN
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SOMATOSTATIN
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A RELEASE OF WATER, ACIDS, ENZYMES, BUFFERS AND SALTS, AND MUCUS BY THE EPITHELIUM OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT AND GLANDULAR ORGANS
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SECRETION
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MOVEMENT OF ORGANIC SUBSTRATES, ELECTOLYTES, VITAMINS, AND WATER ACROSS DIGESTIVE EPITHELIUM AND INTO INTERSTITIAL FLUID OF DIGESTIVE TRACT.
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ABSORPTION
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LINES THE INNER SURFACE OF THE BODY WALL
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PARIETAL PERITONEUM
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COVERS THE ORGANS WITHIN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY
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VISCERAL PERITONEUM OR SEROSA
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THE SPACE BETWEEN THE 2 PERITONEUMS IS CALLED ?
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PERITONEAL CAVITY
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SECRETED BY THE SEROUS MEMBRANE TO LUBRICATE PERITONEAL SURFACES
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PERITONEAL FLUID (SEROUS FLUID)
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MOST EXTENSIVE OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANES
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PERITONEUM
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DOUBLE SHEETS OF PERITONEAL MEMBRANE THAT SUPPORT AND STABILIZE ORGANS IN THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
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MESENTERIES
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PROVIDES ROUTE FOR BLOOD VESSELS TO AND FROM LIVER
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LESSER OMENTUM
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HELPS STABILIZE POSITION OF LIVER RELATIVE TO DIAPHRAGM AND ABDOMINAL WALL
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FALCIFORM LIGAMENT
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MESENTERY THAT HANGS LIKE AN APRON BETWEEN BODY WALL AND ANTERIOR SURFACE OF SMALL INTESTINE
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GREATER OMENTUM
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PROVIDES STABILITY BUT PERMITS A DEGREE OF INDEPENDENT MOVEMENT FOR SMALL INTESTINE
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MESENTERY PROPER
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MESENTERY ASSOCIATED WITH PORTION OF LARGE INTESTINE
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MESOCOLON
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SUPPORTS TRANSVERSE COLON
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TRANSVERSE MESENTERY
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SUPPORTS SIGMOID COLON
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SIGMOID MESOCOLON
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INNER LINING OF DIGESTIVE TRACT THAT CONSISTS OF LAYER OF EPITHELIUM AND UNDERLYING LAYER OF LAMINA PROPRIA
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MUCOSA OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE
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ITS MAJOR FUNCTIONS INCLUDE SECRETION OF ENZYMES, HORMONES, AND MUCUS, ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED FOOD INTO BLOOD, AND PROTECTION FROM DISEASE
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MUCOSA
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DEPENDING ON LOCATION AND STRESSES ITS SUBJECTED TO, WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF EPITHELIUM IN THE MUCOSA
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STRATISFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM, SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
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AREAS WITH MORE STRESSES ARE TYPICALLY LINED WITH WHAT TISSUE?
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STRATISFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
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AREAS THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO ABSORPTION, ARE LINED WITH WHAT
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SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
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WHAT IS THE EXPLANATION OF WHY RADIATION AND ANTICANCER DRUGS HAVE A DRASTIC EFFECT ON THE DIGESTIVE TRACT?
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HIGH RATE OF CELL DIVISION IS INHIBITED (PREVENTS MITOSIS)
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MUCOSA IS OFTEN THROWN INTO _?_ , WHICH DISAPPEAR AS THE TRACT FILLS
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LONGITUDINAL FOLDS
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_?_ INCREASE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT.
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PLICAE OR PERMANENT TRANSVERSE FOLDS
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WHAT ARE THE LONGITUDINAL FOLDS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT CALLED?
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RUGAE
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CONTAINS BLOOD VESEELS, SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS, LUMPHATIC VESSELS, SMOOTH MUSCLES, AND SCATTERED AREAS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE.
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LAMINA PROPRIA
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CONTAINS SECRETORY CELLS OF MUCOUS GLANDS
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LAMINA PROPRIA
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NARROW BAND OF SMOOTH MUSCLES INVOLVED IN MOVEMENT OF FOOD
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MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
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INNER LAYER OF MUSCLES THAT ENCIRCLE THE LUMEN
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CIRCULAR MUSCLES
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OUTER LAYER CONTAINING MUSCLES ORIENTED PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF THE TRACT
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LONGITUDINAL LAYER
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CONTAINS CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF BLOOD VESSELS, LYNPHATIC VESSELS, AND NERVES...IT SURROUNDS THE MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
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SUBMUCOSA
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CONTAINS SENSORY NEURONS, PARASYMPATHERIC GANGLIONIC NEURONS, AND SYMPATHETIC POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS THAT INNERVATE THE MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA
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PLEXUS OF MEISSNER OF SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS
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LAYER THAT STIMULATES SECRETIONS
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SUBMUCOSA
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CONTAINS PARASYMPATHETIC AND SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION AND IS DOMINATED BY SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
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MUSCULARIS
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LOCATED BETWEEN THE CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL LAYERS, ITS NEURONS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COORDINATING THE MOVEMENTS ALONG THE TRACT
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PLEXUS AUERBACH OR MYENTERIC PLEXUS
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THESE MUSCLES CONTRACT AND DECREASE THE DIAMETER OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
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CIRCULAR LAYER
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THESE MUSCLES CONTRACT TO SHORTEN THE TUBE AND ARE IMPORTANT MAINLY TO MOVEMENT ALONG THE TRACT
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LONGITUDINAL LAYER
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OUTERMOST COVERING OF THE VISCERAL PERITONEUM
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SEROSA
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ANCHORS TO NEARBY STRUCTURES AND FOUND IN THE ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, AND RECTUM
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ADVENTITIA
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TUBE FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS
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ALIMENTARY CANAL OR DIGESTIVE TRACT OR GI TRACT
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ONLY THING IN ORAL CAVITY NOT ACTED UPON BY ENZYMES
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PROTEINS
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SURROUND THE BASE OF EACH TOOTH AND ARE FOUND ON THE AVEOLAR PROCESS OF MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR BONES
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GINGIVAE
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PREVENTS FOOD FROM ENTERING THE NASAL CAVITY DURING SWALLOWING
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UVULA
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COMMON SITES OF INFECTION, YET MAIN FUNCTION IS TO PREVENT INFECTION
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PALATINE TONSILS
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ON POSTERIOR WALL OF PHARYNX, ABOVE THE BORDER OF THE SOFT PALATE
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PHARYNGEAL TONSILS OR ADENOIDS
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TONGUE IS COVERED BY MUCOUS MEMBRANE AND CONNECTED TO FLOOR OF MOUTH BY WHAT
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FRENULUM
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WHAT IS THE FRENULUM'S FUNCTION?
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PREVENTS EXTREME MOVEMENT OF THE TONGUE
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WHEN FRENULUM IS TOO RESTRICTIVE AND A PERSON IS UNABLE TO SPEAK NORMALLY WHAT IS THIS CONDITION CALLED?
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
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THE TONGUE IS LARGELY COMPOSED OF WHAT?
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SKELETAL MUSCLE
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WHAT IS THE EXPLANATION OF WHY RADIATION AND ANTICANCER DRUGS HAVE A DRASTIC EFFECT ON THE DIGESTIVE TRACT?
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HIGH RATE OF CELL DIVISION IS INHIBITED (PREVENTS MITOSIS)
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MUCOSA IS OFTEN THROWN INTO _?_ , WHICH DISAPPEAR AS THE TRACT FILLS
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LONGITUDINAL FOLDS
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_?_ INCREASE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT.
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PLICAE OR PERMANENT TRANSVERSE FOLDS
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WHAT ARE THE LONGITUDINAL FOLDS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT CALLED?
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RUGAE
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CONTAINS BLOOD VESEELS, SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS, LUMPHATIC VESSELS, SMOOTH MUSCLES, AND SCATTERED AREAS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE.
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LAMINA PROPRIA
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CONTAINS SECRETORY CELLS OF MUCOUS GLANDS
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LAMINA PROPRIA
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NARROW BAND OF SMOOTH MUSCLES INVOLVED IN MOVEMENT OF FOOD
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MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
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INNER LAYER OF MUSCLES THAT ENCIRCLE THE LUMEN
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CIRCULAR MUSCLES
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OUTER LAYER CONTAINING MUSCLES ORIENTED PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF THE TRACT
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LONGITUDINAL LAYER
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CONTAINS CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF BLOOD VESSELS, LYNPHATIC VESSELS, AND NERVES...IT SURROUNDS THE MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
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SUBMUCOSA
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CONTAINS SENSORY NEURONS, PARASYMPATHERIC GANGLIONIC NEURONS, AND SYMPATHETIC POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS THAT INNERVATE THE MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA
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PLEXUS OF MEISSNER OF SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS
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LAYER THAT STIMULATES SECRETIONS
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SUBMUCOSA
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CONTAINS PARASYMPATHETIC AND SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION AND IS DOMINATED BY SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
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MUSCULARIS
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LOCATED BETWEEN THE CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL LAYERS, ITS NEURONS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COORDINATING THE MOVEMENTS ALONG THE TRACT
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PLEXUS AUERBACH OR MYENTERIC PLEXUS
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THESE MUSCLES CONTRACT AND DECREASE THE DIAMETER OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
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CIRCULAR LAYER
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THESE MUSCLES CONTRACT TO SHORTEN THE TUBE AND ARE IMPORTANT MAINLY TO MOVEMENT ALONG THE TRACT
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LONGITUDINAL LAYER
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OUTERMOST COVERING OF THE VISCERAL PERITONEUM
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SEROSA
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ANCHORS TO NEARBY STRUCTURES AND FOUND IN THE ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, AND RECTUM
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ADVENTITIA
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TUBE FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS
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ALIMENTARY CANAL OR DIGESTIVE TRACT OR GI TRACT
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ONLY THING IN ORAL CAVITY NOT ACTED UPON BY ENZYMES
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PROTEINS
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SURROUND THE BASE OF EACH TOOTH AND ARE FOUND ON THE AVEOLAR PROCESS OF MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR BONES
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GINGIVAE
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PREVENTS FOOD FROM ENTERING THE NASAL CAVITY DURING SWALLOWING
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UVULA
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COMMON SITES OF INFECTION, YET MAIN FUNCTION IS TO PREVENT INFECTION
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PALATINE TONSILS
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ON POSTERIOR WALL OF PHARYNX, ABOVE THE BORDER OF THE SOLF PALATE
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PHARYNGEAL TONSILS OR ADENOIDS
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TONGUE IS COVERED BY MUCOUS MEMBRANE AND CONNECTED TO FLOOR OF MOUTH BY WHAT
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FRENULUM
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WHAT IS THE FRENULUM'S FUNCTION?
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PREVENTS EXTREME MOVEMENT OF THE TONGUE
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WHEN FRENULUM IS TOO RESTRICTIVE AND A PERSON IS UNABLE TO SPEAK NORMALLY WHAT IS THIS CONDITION CALLED?
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
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THE TONGUE IS LARGELY COMPOSED OF WHAT?
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SKELETAL MUSCLE
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POSTERIOR REGION OF TONGUE ANCHORS TO THE HYOID BONE AND IS COVERED BY WHAT LYNPHATIC TISSUE
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LINGUAL TONSILS
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FUNCTION OF TEETH?
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MASTICATION
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3 PARTS OF TEETH
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CROWN, NECK, ROOT
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THE ROOT OF THE TOOTH IS ENCLOSED IN A THIN LAYER OF BONE-LIKE MATERIAL KNOWN AS WHAT?
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CEMENTUM
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WHAT SURROUNDS THE CEMENTUM?
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PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
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CUNDLES OF COLLAGENOUS FIBERS THAT ATTACH TOOTH TO JAW
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PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
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REGIONS OF A LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF A TOOTH
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ENAMEL, DENTINE, PULP CAVITY
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CONSISTS MAINLY OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN CRYSTALLINE FORM & COVERS CROWN
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ENAMEL
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MAKES MAJORITY OF TOOTH, HAS NO CYTOPLASMIC PROCESSES FROM CELLS IN PULP CAVITY
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DENTINE
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AREA OF TOOTH THAT CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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PULP CAVITY
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BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES ENTER A TOOTH THROUGH AN __?__
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APICAL FORAMEN
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TEETH FOR CRUSHING, MASHING, AND GRINDING AND HAVE 1 OR 2 ROOTS
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BICUSPIDS OR PREMOLARS
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TOOTH HAS 3 OR MORE ROOTS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING
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MOLARS
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TYPES OF SECRETORY CELLS
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SEROUS CELLS AND MUCOUS CELLS
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PRODUCE WATERY FLUID THAT CONTAINS ENZYME AND AMYLASE
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SEROUS CELLS
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PRODUCEL THICK, STRINGY LIQUID CALLED MUCIN
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MUCOUS CELLS
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LARGEST SALIVARY GLAND
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PAROTID
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SECRETIONS OF THE PAROTID GLAND ARE DRAINED INTO THE VESTIBULE VIA _?_
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PAROTID DUCTS OR STENSEN'S DUCTS
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LOCATED WITHIN MANDIBULAR GROOVE
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SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND
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SUBMANDIBULAR DUCTS THAT OPEN INTO MOUTH ON EITHER SIDE OF FRENULUM
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WHARTON'S DUCTS
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SMALLEST OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
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SUBLINGUAL
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THAT OPEN ALONG EITHER SIDE OF FRENULUM
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RIVINUS' DUCTS
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2 SUBSTANCES IN SALIVA THAT CONTROL ORAL BACTERIA
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND LYSOZYMES
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