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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of the digestive system
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digestion, absorption, elimination
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digestion
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break down of food into particles small enough to pass through the plasma membrane
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absorption
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the transfer of nutrients into the circulation
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elimination
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removal of undigested waste material
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dyspepsia
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indigestion
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anorexia
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lack of appetite
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bulimia
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binge eating followed by self-vommitting
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cholelithiasis
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gall bladder stones
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cholecytitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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hematemasis
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vomitting blood
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acessory organs
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salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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four layers of the digstive tract
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mucous membrane, submucosa, smooth nmuscle, serous membrane
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mucous membrane
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named because its epithelial layer contains many mucus secreting cells
mucus secreting cells(globet cells) digestive juice- secreting cells |
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submucosa
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contains blooe vessels and nerces that help regulate digestion
small intestine many mucous producing glands protecting intestine from acidic material from stomach |
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smooth muscle
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layers - aid in peristalsis to propel food through the digestive tract and mixes it with digestive juices
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serous membrane
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organsi n the abdominopelvic cavity- thin moist tissue
loose connective tissue outermost membrane that secrets a serous fluid |
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peritoneum
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membran that lines the abdominopelvic cavity
-parietal peritoneum -visceral peritoneum |
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parietal peritoneum
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lines the abdominal cavity
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visceral
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folds over the organs
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paritonitus
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inflammation of the peritonium
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organs of the digestive tract/GI tract
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mouth, pharynx, esophagus,stomach, SI,LI
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mouth
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digestion of starch salivary amylase
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oral cavity processes food
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ingestion, mastication, mixing with saliva,deglution(swallowing)
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parasymphathetic stimulation
sypathetic stimulation |
increases activity too fast cannot absorp
decreases activity slow down constipation inadequate absorption of nutrients |
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absorption
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villi in mucosa of small intestine(ateriole and venule bridged with cappillaries)
capillaries absorb |
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capillaries absorb
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simple sugars
small proteins amino acids simple fatty acids water |
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absorption: portal system
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portal system transports nutrients to liver
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absorbed directly into the blood
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dissolved in water, C+B
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absorbed with fats
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incorporated in fats A,D,E,K
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esophagus
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muscular tube (25cm) long
no digestion carries food to stomach |
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hiatus hernia
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weakness causing a portion of the stomach to protrude up through this space (dont lie down)
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hiatial hernia
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lower part of esophagus and stomach slides up through the diaphragm into thorax
(heart burn, pain, feeling of fullness, and refluux of stomach acid into esophagus causing ulceration and bleeding) |
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swallowing- a coordinated effort
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tongue pushes bolus back
involunatry swallow reflex soft palate + uvula raised seal off nasopharynx tongue is raised to seal off the back of the oral cavity epiglottis guards the trachea swallow food moves into the esophagus peristalisis moves food into stomach |
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lower esophageal sphincter
cardiac sphincter |
between the esophagus and the stomach
-separates the region of the stomach that is close to the heart |
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pyloric sphincter
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far end of the stomach and the small intestine
-regulates how rapidly food moves through the small intestine |
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stomach
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stores food and liquid
breaks down food by churning action and gastric juices |
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RUGAE
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when the stomach is empty the lining forms many folds. and vice versa
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gastric juice
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secreted by special cells in the lining of the stomach
HCL PEPSIN |
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PEPSIN
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protein digestin enzyme activated only when food enters the stomach and HCL is produced
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HCL
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strong acid that helps break down proteins
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chyme
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greek for juice
highly acidic semi-liquid mixture of gastic juice and food enters the small intestine |
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small intestine structure
longest part of the digestive tract |
duodenum(digestive juices enter from the liver and gallbladder)
jejunum ileum secret mucus secret enzymes absorp digested food stool is liquid and unformed at this stage |
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villi in small intestine
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absorb digested food
increase surface area contain blood vessels and lacteals->transport fat molecules |
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large intestine structure
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cecum
colon rectum anal canal(anal sphincter) anus |
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large intestine function
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secret mucous
reabsorp water form feces- final firming stool bacteria in the large intestine produce vitmin K and B defacation-volunary |
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acessory organs releace secretions through ducts into digestive tract
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mouth, all othe organs to duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
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the liver: the hepatic
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bile leaves the liver by two ducts that form
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the gall bladder:the common bile duct
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after collecting bile from the gall bladder
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the gall bladder: cystic duct
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bile from liver flows into the hepatic duct then to the _________ connected with the gallbladder
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common bile duct
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common hepatic duct(liver) cystic duct(gallbladder), pancreatic duct(pancreas) all merge to the
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the liver
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manufacture bile
modify fats for more efficient use by cells right and left lobes portal vein, hepatic artery blood supply |
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the gallbladder
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stores bile, main function is to emulsify fats
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the pancreas
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exocrine function-into the organ thru a duct
produces alkaline fluid to neutralize acidic chyme in the small intestine -endocrine function secrets into the blood -produces insulin and glucagon to regulate sugar metabolism |
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enzymes and the digestive process
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are proteins
are highly specific in their actions |
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help split nutrient molecules
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hydrolysis
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