Chapter 11 And 12 Nervous And Sense Organs

Front 1

Sensing

Back 1

Detect changes both inside and outside of the body

Example: temperature, hunger, pain, emotion

Front 2

Integrating

Back 2

Processes the information received and determines what response is appropriate

Front 3

Responding

Back 3

Issues commands to muscles and glands to initiate changes based on its information

Front 4

Sensory (afferent)

Back 4

Detect stimuli; sends to CNS

Touch, pressure, heat, cold, or chemicals

Front 5

Interneurons

Back 5

Connect the incoming sensory pathways with the outgoing motor pathways

Front 6

Motor (efferent)

Back 6

Brain emits in response to stimuli; relay messages

Front 7

Neuroglia

Back 7

Supportive cells of the nervous system

Front 8

Oligdendrocytes

Back 8

Form myelin sheath in the CNS

Front 9

Schwann cells

Back 9

Form myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system

Front 10

Blood brain barrier

Back 10

- Formed as Astrocytes (neuroglia) wrap around capillaries

- Protect the brain from foreign substances

Front 11

Neurons

Back 11

Excitable, impulse conducting, perform work of nervous system; handle the nervous system role of communication

Front 12

Nervous system

Back 12

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, constantly receives signals about changes within the body as well as external environment

Front 13

Cell body

Back 13

Control center of the neuron and contains the nucleus

Front 14

Dendrites

Back 14

Receives the signals from other neurons and conduct the information to the cell body

Front 15

Axon

Back 15

Carries the nerve signals AWAY from the cell body

Front 16

Myelin sheath

Back 16

Protect the axon

Front 17

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 17

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Front 18

Synaptic knob

Back 18

Has vesicles containing a neurotransmitter

Front 19

Glial cells

Back 19

The ability to divide throughout life

Front 20

Read life lesson

Back 20

Life Lesson: Brain Tumors

Most adult brain tumors consist of glial cells, gliomas, which are highly malignant and grow rapidly

Front 21

Life lesson: Multiple sclerosis

Back 21

Communication slows down

Visual disturbance, weakness, loss of coordination, and speech disturbances

NO CURE

Front 22

Synapses

Back 22

Impulse way of transferring from one neuron to the next

Front 23

Need to know

Back 23

Spinal Cord- 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord

A. Cervical (8)

B. Thoracic (12)

C. Lumbar (5)

D. Cauda equina: A bundle of nerve roots that extends from the end of the spinal cord

E. Sacral (5)

F. Coccygeal (1)

Front 24

Gray matter

Back 24

Contains mostly the cells bodies of motor neurons and interneurons; it lacks myelin

Front 25

White matter

Back 25

has an abundance of myelin and contains bundles of axons, tracts, that carry impulses from one part of the NS to another

Front 26

Epidural space

Back 26

lines between the outer covering of the spinal cord and the vertebrae; it contains a cushioning layer of fat as well as blood vessels and connective tissue

Front 27

Central canal

Back 27

minute opening that carries cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal c

Front 28

Spinal tract

Back 28

bundles of axons within the white matter of the spinal cord that serves as the routes of communication to and from the brain

Front 29

Ascending tracts

Back 29

convey sensory signals (pain) up the spinal cord to the brain

Front 30

Descending tracts

Back 30

Conduct motor impulses down the spinal cord to skeletal muscles

Front 31

Mixed nerves

Back 31

Both sensory and motor fibers; these transmit signals in two directions

Front 32

Sensory nerves

Back 32

Contain only sensory (afferent) fibers; carry sensations toward the spinal cord

Front 33

Motor nerves

Back 33

Contain only motor (efferent) fibers and carry messages to muscles and glands