Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
where is most water absorbed from
|
small intestine
|
|
what are the 4 types of diarrhoea
|
secretory
hypermobility/ hypermotility osmotic inflammatory |
|
what makes the GI lumen more hypotonic compared to the blood (i.e what causes water to be absorbed into the blood?
|
Na+ in lumen
CFTR protein (stimulated by Gs-adenylyl cyclase- PKA - cAMP) moves Cl- into lumen |
|
what's the mechanism of secretory diarrhoea
|
no change in mucosal architecture
secrete lots salt from ↑CFTR stimulation (↑Cl- into lumen) water follows Cl- into bowel = diarrhoea |
|
Cholera toxins increase cAMP, which diarrhoea does this cause and why
|
Secretory
cAMP continuously cativates CFTR = ↑Cl- in lumen = less water reabsorption |
|
S&Ss secretory diarrhoea
|
dehydration
reduced skin tugor & dry mucousal membranes low BP, ↑HR low salt (U&Es) watery diarrhoea |
|
whats the mechanism underlying hypermobility diarrhoea
|
lumenal content progress rapidly = less absorption
|
|
S&Ss hypermobility diarrhoea
|
dehydration
abdo cramps (spasm) / tenderness ↑BS undig food in stool |
|
mechanisms of OSMOTIC diarrhoea
|
DEFECTIVE ion transport
solutes fail to be broken down & absorbed (sugar fermentation) = malabsorption |
|
S&Ss of osmotic diarrhoea
|
dehydration
bloating (sugar fermentation)/ flactulance need to eat high osmotic foods (e.g. sweets) malabsorption: anaemia, weight loss... pale stools FH |
|
mechanism of INFLAMMATORY diarrhoea
|
↑ capillary permeability = water excreted into lumen
|
|
S&Ss of inflammatory diarrhoea
|
dehydration
abdo pain/ tenderness/ distention blood / pus in stool FEVER |
|
which notifiable GI infectious disease causes secretory diarrhoea
|
Cholera- toxin ↑cAMP = ↑CFTR stimulation = ↑Cl- in lumen -= less water absorbed
|
|
which type of diarrhoea:
- no structural change - ↑CFTR stimulation = ↑salt transport into lumen - dehydration, reduced skin tugor, low BP, ↑HR, watery diarrhoea, dry muous membranes |
Secretory diarrhoea
|
|
which type of diarrhoea:
- reduced transit time - undig food in stool, malnutrition, abdo cramps/ tenderness, which type of diarrhoea: BS |
hypermobility
|
|
which type of diarrhoea:
- defective ion transport, reduced nutrient break down = malabsorption - bloating, FH, pale stool, malabsorption |
osmotic diarrhoea
|
|
which type of diarrhoea:
- increased capillary permeability - fever, pain, distention, blood/ pus in stool |
Inflammatory diarrhoea
|