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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drug of choice for a severe allergic RXN?
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Epinephrine 1:1000, 0.3 mg IM
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Which medical emergency would you administer albuterol for?
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Asthma attack
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Patient who is hypoglycemic would benefit from?
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Oral carbohydrate
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Normal pulse rate for an adult?
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60-100 BPM
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Irregular pulse rate is often indicative of what condition?
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Hypertension
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Tacypnea is an abnormally fast respiratory rate above 20 breaths per minute in an adult, whereas bradypnea is an abnormally slow respiratory rate less than 12 breaths per minute in an adult. True/True, False/False, True/False, or False/True?
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True/True
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High-pitched sound that is usually heard on expiration, but may be heard on inspiration?
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Wheezing
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Term used for the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls?
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Blood pressure
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Factors that affect blood pressure?
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Blood volume, blood viscosity, and blood vessel resistance
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Classification of a patient with a blood pressure of 130/88 mmhg?
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Prehypertension
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Hypertension can be predisposing factor for what conditions?
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MI, Cerebrovascular accident(CVA), and kidney damage
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What is the portion of the oxygen tank has a dial that allows the operator to determine the amount of oxygen delivered?
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The Flow Meter
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What type of oxygen delivery device is used for a patient in respiratory arrest?
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Bag-mask device
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What is the amount of oxygen recommended for use with a non-rebreathing bag?
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6 to 12 liters per minute
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How many minutes of oxygen are supplied by a size E cylinder?
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30
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Syncope is the sudden loss of consciousness and postural tone and is most often caused by a loss of cerebral oxygenation. True/True, False/False, True/False, or False/True?
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True/True
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Which age groups are particularly susceptible to syncope?
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Geriatric individuals(& children)
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What are common classifications of syncope?
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Neurocardiac(the most common type and most common one seen in dental clinics), cardiac, and noncardiac.
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Hyperventilation can cause syncope due to..?
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Cerebral vasoconstriction
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What is the most serious form of syncope?
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Cardiac
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Symptoms associated with syncope stem from stimulation to the ..?
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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What are the signs and symptoms assosciated with syncope?
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Diaphoresis, piloerection, blurred vision, and pupil dilation.
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What position should the patient be placed in when suffering from syncope?
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Supine with feet elevated
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If bradycardia persists during or following a syncopal episode, what medication should be administered?
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Atropine 0.6mg IM
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Identify and briefly define the healthcare-related roles that your dental hygiene education will prepare you to fulfill.
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Clinical-assess, diagnoses, plans, implements, evaluates
Educator- analyze health theory Researcher- use scientific method to solve problems Manager- evaluates and modifies program Advocate- legal healthcare agencies |
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How is the role of public health related to the other roles?
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Roles of dental hygiene are considered to be interrelated within the context of improving the public's health by promoting oral health.
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Identify 3 personal factors that affect the way in which an individual dental hygienist is percieved as a representative of the entire profession of dental hygiene.
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General Physical Health
Oral Health & Mental Health |
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Define dental hygiene care
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Denotes all intergrated preventive and treatment services administered to a patient by the dental hygienist.
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Identify 3 types of services provided by the dental hygienist
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Preventive
Educational & Therapeutic |
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Define health promotion
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Process of enabling people to increase control and promote improving health
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What dental hygienist role was emphasized by Dr. A.C. Fones, who is considered the father of dental hygiene?
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Education
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What is the primary goal of each dental hygienist with respect to patient care?
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To aid individuals and groups in attaining and maintaining optimum oral health.
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List at least 3 objectives for professional dental hygiene practice.
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Practice ethics
Apply Knowledge Recognize Everyone is different |
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In what way is the dental hygienist a co-therapist?
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He or she works with patients and dentists on treatment plans.
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Explain 3 types of prevention
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Measures carried out to prevent disease,
Treatment of disease, and Methods to replace lost tissue |
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List 3 ways, other than formal advanced education, in which a dental hygienist can specialize
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Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics Orthodontics |
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5 phases of dental hygiene process of care are?
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1. Assessment- collect evidence by observation and documenting
2. Diagnosis- offer suggestions to patients about care, justify why 3. Planning- establish priorities, set goals 4. Implentation- put plan to action, maintenance plan 5. Evaluation- assess progress, see if modification is needed |
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Both ____ and ____ data are collected in the assessment phase of Dental Hygiene Process of Care.
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Subjective(observed)
&Objective(percieved) |
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Describe the purpose of dental hygiene diagnosis statements.
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to let the patient know what is going on and come up with a plan for treatment or improvement.
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What is a dental hygiene care plan?
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Selection of intervention to be performed by patient, DH, and others to reach maximum oral health
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Identify the steps that are important to include when you are planning dental hygiene care.
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Objectives, priorities, set goals, determine interventions, identify expected outcome, present dental hygiene care plan, and obtain consent.
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Define oral hygiene
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Procedures for preservation (personal maintenance)
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Define dental hygiene intervention
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action taken by the dental hygienist to maintain and restore oral health
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Define dental hygiene prognosis
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Forecast of probable course and outcome of treatment of condition or disease.
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4 Levels of Supervision
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Direct Supervision- diagnosed, dentist approves work and is on premises.
Supervision- relationship between dental team. General Supervision- Dentist authorizes, Dental hygienist carries out. Personal Supervision- dentist treats, Dental hygienist aids |
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In what ways are the assessment and the evaluation phases of the dental hygiene process of care similar?
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Assess- gather information
Evaluate- gather information to see if plan is working. |
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Cultural competence
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a skill that can be developed by exploring and learning to appreciate the wide variety of differences among the individuals who are your patients.
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Cultural competence, which includes respect and responsiveness to the unique culturally related characteristics, values, and needs of each patient, will help you provide _____ oral health care.
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Culturally effective
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Providing handouts written in a plain and easily understandable way for your patients whose primary language is different from the dominant local language is one component of ________.
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linguistic competence
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What six special factors apply to members of a group defined as having professional status?
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Education
Ethics Integrity Professionalism Common goals Public Health |
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What is a code of ethics?
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Describes professional conduct, outlines duties and responsibilities.
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Name 2 professional organizations that have developed codes of ethics for the practice of dental hygiene.
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ADHA
&CDHA |
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Who is considered "the father of dental hygiene?"
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Dr. Alfred C. Fones
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What are the three groups of preventative services?
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Primary,
Secondary, &Tertiary |
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What happens in the primary stage of preventative services?
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Measures are carried out so that the disease does not occur and is truly prevented.
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What happens in the Secondary stage of preventative services?
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treatment of early disease to prevent further progress of potentially irrevsible conditions that, if not arrested, can lead eventually to extensive rehab treatment or even tooth loos.
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Removal of calculus and dental biofilm while debriding a root surface in a relatively shallow periodontal pocket is an example of?
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Secondary preventative service
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What happens in the Tertiary stage of preventative services?
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Methods are used to replace lost tissues and to rehabilitate the oral cavity to a level where function is as near normal as possible after secondary prevention has not been successful.
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Replacement of a missing tooth using a fixed partial denture or implant and therefore, restoring function is an example of?
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Tertiary preventative service
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Subjective data
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obtained by observation and interaction with patient
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Objective data
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includes physical and oral assessment
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Diversity of ethnic/racial communitites and lingustic groups in the US presents a challege to the delievery of oral health services. True or false?
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True
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Nonverbal communication:
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A. Follow patient's lead for touching or personal space
B. Use hand and arm gestures with caution. C. Be careful interpreting facial expressions D. Follow the patient's lead for making eye contact |
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What is an ethical dilemma?
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problem that involves two morally correct choices or course of actions. There may not be a single answer and, depending on the choice, the outcomes can differ.
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What is an ethical issue?
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a common problem wherein a solution is readily grounded in the governing practice act, recognized laws, or acceptable standards of care. Decisions involving ethical issues are generally more clearly defined than are dilemmas.
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Avoidance of harm to others; a core value.
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Nonmaleficence
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Widespread, extensive, or worldwide epidemic
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Pandemic
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subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection
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parenteral
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an infection in which the causative agent remains inactive for a period of time within certain body cells
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latent
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someone who harbors a specific infectious agent but shows no clinical signs of disease
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carrier
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a genetic entity that contains either DNA or RNA or both; replicates inside living cells
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virus
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constant presence of a disease within a geographic area
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endemic
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the factor that identifies a specific disease in a laboratory blood test
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serum marker
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refers to increased likelihood of infection
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risk
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The first step in providing safe patient care is for the dental team to attend to sterilization/disinfection of instruments and equipment. What additional step is required to prevent cross infections?
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to develop and maintain work practices for all appointments that will prevent direct or indirect cross-infections between dental personnel and patients and from one to another.
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List six factors that are necessary for transmission of disease.
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infectious agent
reservior port of exit port of entry mode of transmission susceptible host |
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Does an eyewash station have to be in each operatory?
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no
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What is the best way to dry hands prior to gloving?
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Obtain disposable towel from a dispenser requiring no contact with the dispenser
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What is the definition of lymphadenopathy?
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Regional lymph node enlargement
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At what point should the patient's health history be updated?
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At each and every appointment
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5) An effective handwashing procedure can be expected to accomplish all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
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Leave the normal protective oil on the skin
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Which of the following is not correct concerning written information for charts?
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A preprinted form is not an acceptable method for requesting information from a physician concerning a patient
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Which of the following are signs by the healthcare provider?
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When the gingival is red and swollen
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A. The oral cavity at birth is sterile. B. Microorganisms are introduced to the infant from the mother and other caregivers.
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True/True
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Which body fluids have not been shown to be infectious with Hep B?
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Gingival sulcular fluid, tears, and perspiration
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Which of the following are effective ways to lower the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity?
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Toothbrushing, flossing, and preprocedural rinsing reduce microorganisms in the oral cavity
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Why does the patient need to be educated concerning the completion of the health history?
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Because the patient needs to understand the importance of the correlation between the oral condition and the total patient condition.
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Which of the following would not be accomplished by the use of special electronic software and record keeping?
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Decrease the legibility of information and slow down access as providers must learn to use the software
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Which number is the systolic reading of the blood pressure?
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The higher top number
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Which of the following is not a property of an ideal disinfectant?
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Toxic
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New ergonomically designed handpieces have all of the following features except one. Which is the exception?
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Loupes are attached
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Why should a chin-cover face shield be supplemented with a fitted mask?
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The face shield will not protect against inhaling droplet nuclei from aerosols.
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Which of the following is not true for sealing sterilization packages?
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Pins, paperclips, and other types of metal fasteners are not used because they encourage corrosion and rust of metal istruments
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A. The pulse is felt when the finger and thumb are pressed against an artery. B. The pulse is heard when the fingers are pressed against an artery.
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False/False
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Which of the following is not considered assessment of the patient?
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Scaling
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Which of the following is a difference between the instrument washer and the instrument washer/thermal disinfector?
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The instrument washer/thermal disinfector uses a higher degree of temperature
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Antibiotic prophylactic premedication is recommended for which of the following procedures?
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Dental extractions, scaling, and intraligamentary local anesthetic injections
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of acceptable eyewear?
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A very dark lens, to prevent glare and protect the clinician’s eyes
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A. Functional movement exercises designed specifically for dental personnel can be performed during clinical practice hours, at chairside between patients, in nonpatient areas of the office, and /or at home. B. Chronic poor postural habits can lead to nerve impingement, resulting in chronic pain and possible injury.
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True/True
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Which of the following would be subjective information?
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The amount of pain the patient is in
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Which of the following should not be done as part of the preparation for taking a patient’s vital signs?
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Recline the patient to the supine position
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Which of the following is not true for critical items classified under inanimate objects in the dental office?
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Critical items must be sterilized after each use or disinfected with a high-level disinfectant.
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A. Sturdy wrapping of dental instruments is necessary to prevent punctures or tears that break the chain of asepsis and require a repeat of the sterilization process. B. The wrap permits the steam or chemical vapor to pass through to the contents.
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False/True
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Which of the following is a true statement concerning a patient’s respiration?
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The normal adult respiration rate is 14 – 20 breaths per minute.
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Under HIPPA, patients have rights to which of the following?
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Receive a copy of personal health records
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Which of the following is not one of the triad of musculoskeletal health?
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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Which of the following is not an advantage of a questionnaire?
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Is time consuming
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A. Instruments with detachable parts must be dismantled and jointed instruments opened prior to sterilization. B. Packages wrapped and sealed in paper usually do not need resterilizing for several months to 1 year, and plastic or nylon wrap with a tape or heat seal may be expected to remain sterile even longer.
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True/False
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Cross-contamination may occur from which of the following?
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Person to person, person to inanimate object, and inanimate object to person
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Which of the following is not a purpose of the packaging of instruments prior to sterilization?
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To keep anxious patients from seeing the dental instruments
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A. A dental hygienist is a licensed primary healthcare professional. B. A dental hygienist is primarily concerned with the control of oral diseases and the promotion of oral health.
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True/True
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In which of the following components of the dental hygiene care plan would probing come under?
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Assessment
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The head tilt chin maneuver cannot be used in which of the following cases?
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A patient with suspected cervical vertebrae injury
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Aerosols are produced by which of the following?
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Air/water syringes, handpieces, ultrasonic handpieces, breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing produce aerosols
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Which examination method is it when your use a strong light to enhance viewing through soft tissue or a tooth?
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Transillumination
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Why is removal of a mask in the treatment room immediately following the use of aerosol-producing procedures not the best time to remove your mask?
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It permits direct exposure to airborne organisms
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Which of the following are symptoms reported by the patient?
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Pain and bleeding of the gums
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Which of the following is not a recognized area for a person’s body temperature to be taken?
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Palm of the hands
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Which of the following is not a benefit of using washers/thermal disinfectors and ultrasonic cleaning over manual instrument scrubbing?
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Decreased efficiency in obtaining high degree of cleanliness
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Which of the following is true for the prophylactic antibiotic premedication?
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a. Patients at risk for infective endocarditis must have antibiotic premedication prior to any tissue manipulation that could create a bacteremia.
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hich of the following are factors altering the body’s normal defenses?
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Abnormal physical conditions, immunosuppression, some medications, prostheses, and transplants can all alter the body’s normal defenses.
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The scope of ergonomics in dental hygiene includes all of the following except one. Which one is the exception
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Prevent disease transmission to the patient
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When measuring a patient’s blood pressure, where should the inflatable bladder of the blood pressure cuff be placed?
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Brachial artery
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In which of the following ASA categories would a patient with diabetes mellitus be classified?
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ASA III
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Which of the following are modes of entry for microorganisms attempting to enter the human body?
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Mucous membranes, breaks in the skin, and the respiratory tract
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Which of the following are the “wisdom teeth” as noted in the Universal tooth numbering system?
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1, 16, 17, 32
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Who is considered the “father of dental hygiene”?
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Alfred C Fones
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Which of the following statements is not true regarding the length of clinicians’ nails?
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Longer nails allow greater dexterity as your anchor the nail around a patient’s tooth while scaling
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Using the Universal tooth numbering system, state the deciduous MX left K-9.
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H
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Water lines should be run for what length of time at the beginning of each clinic session?
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2 minutes
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Direct delivery of Oxygen is useful in most emergency situations, but it is contraindicated for which of the following conditions?
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Hyperventilation
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56) A. Sterilization is the process by which all forms of life are destroyed. B. A biologic monitor tests the autoclave to determine if it is functioning properly.
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True/True
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The purpose of using the AED as part of CPR is to
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Shock the heart back into a normal rhythm
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A patient has an obstructed airway and is coughing violently. The first rescue step should be:
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Stay with the victim and monitors the condition
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Using the Universal tooth numbering system, state the permanent MD left M2.
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18
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At what point would the clinician need to determine the necessity of antibiotic premedication and where does the physician consult fit in here? Choose the best answer.
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The need for antibiotic premedication must come before any manipulation of soft tissue and the physician consult would come when any question arises from the patient’s health history
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What is the normal body temperature?
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98.6 degrees F
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Which of the following is not a correct statement cocerning patient records.
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Patients should sing the health history form at the top of the page near the date.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of an interview?
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time consuming and easy to forget all the questions.
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Which of the following is not a citerion from examination gloves
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Tight pull over palm and b/w thumb and index finger for a snug fit.
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Which of the following is not one of the traditional 4 vital signs?
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Smoking Status
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Which of the following is not an accomplishment of the consistent practicing of exercise?
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Remaining clear headed during treatment procedures.
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Which of the following is a healthcare-associated infection?
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An infection occurring as a result of a healthcare facility or healthcare worker.
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How do you determine which size blood pressure cuff to use?
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By the diameter of the person’s arm?
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An adverse reaction to an injection is called:
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Psychogenic
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Which of the following is the reason hand and wrist jewelry should be removed at the beginning of a clinic session?
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Microorganisms can become lodged in crevices of rings, watchbands, and watches, where cleaning is impossible
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Convert tooth 24 from the FDI system to the Universal tooth numbering system.
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12
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How do you know when to stop pumping up the blood pressure cuff?
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Pump to 20 or 30 mmHg beyond where the radial pulse was no longer felt
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Which type of examination would you use to check on the effectiveness of a given course of treatment performed for a patient?
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Follow-up
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Deferral of dental treatment may legally be done in which of the following cases?
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When a patient has active TB
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Which of the following is not a correct criterion for handwashing?
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Use of hot water to kill as many microorganisms as possible
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