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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a cell derived from cleavage
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blastomere
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an embryonic structure composed of blastomeres
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blastula
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the opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into mouth in protostomes and the anus in the deuterostomes
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blastopore
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the fluid-filled cavity that forms in the center of the embryo
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blastocoel
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cleavage produces _____
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cells
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the biphasic cell cycle only has _ (_________) and _ (_______)
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S, synthesis, M, mitosis
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The mitotic cycle is controlled by the accumulation of ______.
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cyclin
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Cyclin is a _______ _________ ______ (MPF)
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mitosis promoting factor
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mitotic division of the nucleus
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karyokinesis
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mechanism of division of the cell (cytoplasm)
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cytokinesis
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mechanical agent of karyokinesis
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mitotic spindles with microtubules
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mechanical agent of cytokinesis
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contractile rings with microfilaments
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4 types of holoblastic isolecithal cleavage
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radial, spiral, bilateral, rotational
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type of holoblastic mesolecithal cleavage
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radial
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2 types of meroblastic telolecithal cleavage
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bilateral, discoidal
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this type of cleavage is superficial and found in most insects
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meroblastic centrolecithal
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infolding of cell sheet into the embryo
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invagination
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inturning of cell sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer
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involution
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migration of individual cells into the embryo
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ingression
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splitting of migration of one sheet into two sheets
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delamination
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expansion of one cell sheet over other cells
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epiboly
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In Sea Urchin, the animal and vegetal halfs differentiate in the ___ division
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4th
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SUFM: ___ & ___ cells give rise to ectodermal skin and neurons
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an1, an2
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____ cells produce both ectodermal and edodermal organs
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veg1
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____ cells develop into the endoderm, the coelom, and secondary mesenchyme (pigment cells, immunocytes, and muscle cells)
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veg2
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SUFM: The _____ _________ give rise to the larval skeleton
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large micromeres
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SUFM: the _____ __________ develop into part of the coelom
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small micromeres
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moderate levels of _-_______ specifiy the veg2 cells to bevome the endomesoderm
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β-catenin
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the micromere secretes veg2 signal and the _____ activating the _____ pathway to induce cells to become secondary mesenchyme rather than the endoderm.
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delta, notch
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____ acts in an autocrine fasion to specify the endoderm
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Wnt8
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transplanted _________ can induce ectodermal cells
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micromeres
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______ has multiple expression domains and is expressed particularly in the middle gut
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endo16
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the animal-vegetal axis determines the ________-_________ axis, the other two axes are poorly understood
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anterior, posterior
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larval skeleton consists of _____ spicules
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CaCO3
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the mechanism of____________ is similar to the buckling produced by heating a bimetallic strip
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invagination
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