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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prader-Willi
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Disorder is caused by chromosomal deletion
Results in obesity and mental retardation Insatiable food cravings |
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Heredity is responsible for Mental Retardation in ____ % of cases?
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5%
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In ___% of cases of Mental Retardation, the cause is unknown.
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30-40%
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The most common known cause of Mental Retardation is ____.
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Early alterations in embryonic development
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PKU
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A rare recessive gene syndrome
Results in an inability to metabolize phenylalenine Detected by blood test at birth Leads to irreversible moderate to profound MR if untreated |
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Down syndrome
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Caused by an extra chromosome (trisomy 21)
Accounts for 10-30% of moderate to severe MR cases Associated problems may include Alzheimer's, heart lesions, respiratory defects, intestinal defects, cataracts |
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Learning Disabilities
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IQ typically average or higher
20-30% comorbidity with ADHD increased risk for antisocial behavior 1/3 with reading d/os have psychosocial problems as adults |
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Stuttering
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Begins at ages 2-7, typically
3 x more common in males 60% of cases remit by age 16 Treatment includes reduce stress in home, lowered demands overall, habit reversal (breathing, social supp, awareness training) |
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Characteristics of Autism
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some evidence prior to age 3
Includes impairments in social interaction (2), communication (1), restricted/repetitive behaviors, interests (1) 50% do not talk If they speak, speech may be abnormal, echolalic -up to 70% have IQs in MR range |
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Rett's
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Females only
Normal development for 5 months or more, followed by head growth deceleration, loss of purposeful hand skills -stereotyped hand mvts -limited coordination of gait or trunk mvts -loss of interest in soc environ -impaired language dev |
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Best outcome for autism
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verbal communication by 5 or 6
-IQ > 70 -later onset |
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shaping and discrimination training
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most effective treatment for autism, improves communication skills
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Childhood disintegration d/o
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Regression in at least 2 areas of functioning
after at least 2 years of normal development |
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Asperger's
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do better on verbal tasks versus non-verbal
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ADHD
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Begins before age 7
IQ average or higher (but test lower on IQ) almost all have academic problems 25-30% have comorbid learning disorders 30-90% have comorbid conduct disorder -In kids, 4-9X more common in boys (more equal for inattentive type) -adults, rates for adhd equal In early |
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Effectiveness of Ritalin
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effective in 75% of cases
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Conduct D/O onset
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Childhood onset: begins before age 10, more aggressiveness, higher risk for ASPD and substance abuse
Adolescent onset: begins at 10 or later |
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Tourette's
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At least 1 vocal tic and multiple motor tics
Begins before age 18 -Commonly associated symptoms: obsessions and compulsions, hyperactivity, impulsivity Antipsychotics effective in 80% of cases -tourette's due to high dopamine |
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Pica
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Symptoms present for at least 1 month w/out food aversion
Generally begins between 12 - 24 months |
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Enuresis Treatment
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Night alarm (bell & pad or moisture alarm) effective in 80% of cases but 1/3 will relapse within 6 months
-Imipramine and Desmopressin also used with good short term effects, but poor long-term effects |
