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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens as more days go and the person has still not brushed their teeth? |
There will be an increase in anaerobic bacteria, spirochetes, gram negative bacteria, etc. |
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What does inflammation begin in gingivitis? |
the epithelium of the col and marginal gingiva. This occurs due to bacteria and endotoxins |
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What is the color of healthy gums? |
pink! Red or a bluish purple can be signs of acute and chronic inflammation respectively |
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What does BOP stand for? |
Bleeding on Probing |
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What is the swelling and edema due to? |
permeability of blood vessels allowing fluids to accumulate in the gingival connective tissue |
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What is a Pseudopocket? |
When there is no apical migration of the junctional epithelium, the sulcus becomes deepened and creates a gingival pocket. The margin has moved coronally, not apically. |
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What does stippling in the gums signify? |
Healthy gums! If they were unhealthy, they would be smooth and and shiny. |
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What is a cleft? |
(stillman's) marginal tissue may be destroyed over the root, producing narrow, "slit-like" recession. May also occur when the dental papilla swell and converge over facial or lingual surface. - may be "v" shaped, & extend several mm's towards the mucogingival junction or even to or through the junction. |
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What is a Festoon? |
(McCall's festoon) an enlargement of the marginal gingiva with the formation of a lifesaver-like gingival prominence. |
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What is the only thing that is reversible? |
gingivitis |
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Floss Cleft |
created by incorrect floss positioning and appears as a vertical line or v shaped fissure. |
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What happens to supragingival plaque if not attended too? |
The bacteria will enter the sulcus and provide the source for subgingival plaque bacteria |
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What is a Gingival Pocket? |
a pocket formed by gingival enlargement without apical migration of the junctional epithelium, it is always suprabony because the base of the pocket is coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone. (psuedopocket) |
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What is periodontitis? |
The usual sequela to gingivitis disease progression. - more inflammation, destroys CT attachment, exposes sharpeys fibers |
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What does suprabony mean? |
the junctional epithelium has migrated below the CEJ |
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What does infrabony mean? |
the junctional epithelium has migrated below the crest of the alveolar bone. |
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What is the best indicator of damage to the periodontium? |
Attachment loss, by determining the distance from the CEJ to the base of the sulcus or pocket measured by probing. |
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How do we know that we have recession? |
Once the root is visibly seen |
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What does CAL attachment loss include? |
Both periodontal pocket depth and recession measurement |
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what is the probed level of attachment? |
The level is the distance measured from the CEJ to the junctional epithelium |
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What are the 3 possible relationships of the gingival margin? |
1. CEJ and the gingival margin are at the same level 2. gingival margin is below the CEJ 3. gingival margin is above the CEJ |
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What is the indicator of good health in probing? |
0.5 - 3mm apical to CEJ |
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What is the attached gingival measurement? |
The measurement of the total width of the gingiva - the depth probed |
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What does it mean to have Furcation involvement? |
loss of attachment between the roots of the posterior teeth |
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What is the only thing that is acellular? |
The pellicle (contains no bacteria or other cell forms) |
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What organisms exist within the mouth in the first few hours? |
Gram positive, cocci and rods |
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What organisms exist within the mouth in 1-2 days? |
Streptococci mutans streptococci streptococcus sanguis |
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What organisms exist within the mouth in 2-4 days |
Cocci dominate (pathogenic) - filamentous forms replace cocci - slender rods |
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What organisms exist within the mouth in 4-7 days? |
filamentous increase mixed flora - filamentous rods & fusobacteria - Plaque in the margin is thicker and contains spirochetes and vibrios. The newer plaque layers still contain the cocci forms. |
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What organisms exist within the mouth 7-14 days? |
vibrios and spirochetes - WBC's increase (infection begins) - We now have gram negative, anaerobic organisms and inflammation!
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What organisms exist within the mouth 14-21 days? |
vibrios and spirochetes - cocci and filimentous to a lesser degree -clear gingivitis present -gram negative bacteria & anaerobic! |
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What are signs of gingivitis? |
-BOP -red inflammation of gingiva -swelling and edema due to permeability -no apical migration of the jct. epi. -psuedopocket -marginal gingiva becomes rounded and rolled |
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What is zylitol beneficial? |
it can reduce decay and carries |
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What organism is responsible for the initial stages of demineralization in carries? |
Mutans Streptococci/streptococci mutans |
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What organism is responsible for the progression of the cavity? |
Lactobacilli |
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T/F The mutans bacteria be transferred between mother and child |
True |
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Why do we floss? |
to prevent plaque between teeth, these areas are more susceptible because they are non-keratinized |
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What is the pH of dental plaque? |
Less than 5.5 |
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what does DMFT stand for? |
decayed, missing, filled, teeth |
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What is the name that relates the the crystal of enamel? |
hydroxyapatite crystals |
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For bacteria to cause damage 2 things must occur |
1. they must exist in sufficient numbers 2. they must be there for enough time |
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What is the main offender in promoting carries? |
Sucrose. It is easy for the bacteria to break down and use to promote plaque formation |
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What does FREQUENCY have to do with cavitation? |
- Eating is important when tooth come into contact with a low pH (plaque). pH drops to 4.5 (below 5.5) 1-2 hours. - # of times when the pH plaque is below 5.5 for approx. 20-30 mins. Better to do it all in one sitting then eating sugar all throughout the day. |
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What bacteria is associated with root carries |
athinomycoses viscosis |
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T/F heredity a strong factor in carries |
False |
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Saliva is a buffer...what are some of its contents? |
1. Calcium & Phosphate 2. immunoglobulins 3. Antibacterial Agents |
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Carries Class 1 |
(back) - cavities in pits or fissures - occlusal surfaces or pre/molars - F/L of molars - L surfaces of maxillary incisors - singulum of lateral incisors |
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Carries Class 2 |
(back) - Cavities in proximal surfaces or premolars and molars. - mesial occlusal - distal occlusal or MOD |
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Carries Class 3 |
- cavities in proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that do not involve the incisal edge (front) |
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Carries Class 4 |
- cavities in proximal surfaces of incisors or canines that involved the incisal angle |
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Carries Class 5 |
cavities in the cervical third or F/L surfaces (not pit or fissure) |
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Carries Class 6 |
cavities on the incisal edges of anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth |
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What causes intrisic staining of the teeth? |
Tetracycline |
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What is the protocol for remineralization? |
clorohexadine |
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What are the classes of furcation involvement? |
class1: detect the concavity of the furcation, but cannot penetrate it class2: can enter the furcation area w/probe, but cannot penetrate through opposite side class3: can pass an explorer or probe all the way through the furcation to opposite side class4: same as class 3 except that the entrance to the furcation is visible clinically |
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Characteristics of juvenille periodontitis |
- localized and general - less acute signs of inflammation - usually affects permanent first molars and incisors - widened interproximal spaces - gram negative bacteria anaerobic (AAA) - impaired neutrophil function |
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T/F When a person has stained/motteled enamel from "flourosis, they also have a lot of cavities |
False, it does not mean they have cavities from the stain. |
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What does it mean to have an intrinsic stain? |
occurs within the tooth structure, can NOT be removed |
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What does it mean to have an extrinsic stain? |
- occurs on the external surface of the tooth, CAN be removed by scaling or polishing. - some extrinsic can become intrinsic if allowed to be embedded in demineralized enamel |
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GREEN stain composition |
- light to dark green - gram positive microorganisms - facial/cervical 1/3 of maxillary incisors (example of a Exogenous INTRINSIC stain) |
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Black Line Stain composition |
- gram positive rods/cocci - attached to pellicle - near gingival margin - low incidence of dental carries and oral disease - found in good oral hygiene |
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What are the most common stains? |
black and brown |
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Brown Stain composition |
- light to leathery brown - stains bacterial plaque - can become and exogenous intrinsic stain - most often in pits and fissures lingually - chlorohexadine(anti plaque agent) will stain - from tea, coffee, batel leaf, soy sauce, tobacco |
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Metallic Stain composition |
- copper or brass (green/bluish green) - iron - brown to greenish brown - nickel - green - cadmium - yellow or golden brown - industrial workers inhale dust - Exogenous Intrinsic Stain |
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Is the sulcular epithelium keratinized or not? |
it is non keratinized |
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What is the col? |
saddle of interdental gingiva that connect facial and lingual aspects of the papilla - NOT keratinized, making it more susceptible to carries |
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Alveolar mucosa |
- moveable tissue loosely attached to underlying tissue. - it is NOT keratinized - is more red than gingiva because of the increased blood supply and thin layer covering it.
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What are 3 goals of dental hygiene |
1. prevent initiation of gingivitis 2. gingivitis to periodontitis 3. to arrest the disease already affected (maintain not cure) |
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What is calculus? |
a mineralized bacterial plaque |
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What is cavitation? |
- occurs when the subsurface demineralization is so extensive that the tooth structure subsurface collapses. A cavitated lesion is not reversible. After cavitation, lactobacilli are likely well established. **most prevalent disease in modern race. |
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Acute carries |
- process in closed cavity, while open cavities have a slower process. - acute caries occur more frequently in children leading to rapid pulp involvement. - the lack of cleansibility leads to fast progression - pain is a typical feature |
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Chronic Carries |
progress slowly, occur more in adults allow sufficient time |
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Arrested Carries |
occur in prim. and second. dentition
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