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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Succession |
Progressive change in the composition and diversity of a species in a community in one area over a period of time |
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Species |
A group of organisms which are able to interbreed to create fertile offspring, ad well as having similar characteristics and morphology |
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Niche |
The role if an organism in its community and the way in which it exploits its environment/ habitat |
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Gene |
Section of dna at a particular position on a chromosome, that controls q characteristic of an organism |
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Universal |
More than one/ the same triplet code can be used to produce the same amino acid |
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Genotype |
The type if genes an organism has |
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Npp |
The total amount of energy stored in and organisms biomass Npp=Gpp-R |
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Gpp |
Total amount if energy stored in sugars eg cellulose Gpp=Npp-R |
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Photolysis |
Splitting of a water molecule using light energy |
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Non overlapping |
Only one base can be used for 1 triplet code It is discrete |
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Endemism |
Animal/plant species whos habitat is restricted to a particular area/ space on the globe |
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Pioneer species |
A species ehich has colonized previously uncolonised land Causing succession |
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Greenhouse effect |
Light energy from the sun reaches the earths surface warms up |
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Reproductive isolation |
Geographically isolated from the main population So that the population cannot interbreed |
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Random mutation |
Change in the dna resulting in new alleles/gebes/proteins Genetic variation |
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Selection pressure |
Change in the environment or new predators which results in reproductive success |
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Change in allele frequency |
Favourable allele becones more frequent in a population |
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Allopatric |
Due to geographical isolation |
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Sympatric |
Specuation in same habitat Feed on different food sources |
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Reverse transcriptase |
Synthesises dna from rna |
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Integrase |
Integrates the dna from the virus into host dna |
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Protease |
Breaks down protein and peptides |
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Lysoszyme |
Enzyme found in tears, nasal secretions and lysosomes Breaks down bacterial cell wall via hydrolysis reactions Kills bacteria |
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Inflammatory response |
Damaged tissue Damaged mast cells cause the release of histamine Causes vasodilation of arterioles nearby so more blood flows to area of infection Increased permeability of capillaries- tissue fluid forced out Localised swelling -oedmea |
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Phagocytosis |
Pathogen recognised as non-self/ foreign Pathogen attaches to phagocyte by complimentary antigens and surface receptors Pathogen engulfed via endocytosis- invagination of cell membrane-phagosome Lysosomes fuse to phagosome and release enzymes, HCL, HP, and free radicals Digest pathogen Antigen presenting |
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Interferon |
Cells infected by virus Secrete interferon Attach to surrounding cell membranes Cells make own antiviral proteins Inhibits viral protein synthesis Limits infection Some infected cells self-destruct |
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Bacteriocidal |
Antibiotics which kill the bacteria by breaking down the cell wall causing it to lyse/ burst |
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Bacteriostatic |
Antibiotics which inhibit the growth of bacteria by preventing cell division |
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Autotrophs |
Organisms which are able to convert light energy into chemical energy |
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Biodiversity |
Variety and abundance of species living in an ecosystem and the genetic diversity in speciesn |
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Carbon cycle |
The way in which carbon is cycled through the system Carbon is taken in via photosynthesis Carbon is released by respiration, decomposition and burning fossil fuels Carbon passed on to herbivores and carnivores |
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CD4 receptors |
Receptor on the cell surface membrane on a T helper cell for antigens on B cell and phagocytes to bind too |
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Triplet code |
Each amino acid is coded for by 3 nucleotides |
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Myogenic |
The cause of electrical impulses originates within the nuscle itself |
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Phenotype |
The outward appearance of an organism expressed by its genotyoe |
