Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Glycolysis
|
-substrate level phosphorylation-
-first stage in glucose catabolism -does not require O2 -yields 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH -occurs in the cytoplasm |
|
|
Glucose + 2ADP + 2 INORGANIC PHOSPHATE + 2NAD+ ----> 2 PYRUVATE + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + H20
|
net rxn for GLYCOLYSIS
|
|
|
Glycolysis ---> fermenation in the ____ of O2
|
absence
|
|
|
Glycolysis ---> Kreb's cycle (TCA cycle) in the _____ of O2
|
presence
|
|
|
Fermentation
|
-goal is to reduce pyruvate to ethanol or lactic acid in the absence of O2 in order to produce additional NAD+ to keep fueling glycolysis and produce additional 2ATP/glucose
-occurs in the cytoplasm |
|
|
Net glucose of glycolysis + fermentation
|
4 ATP / glucose molecule
|
|
|
Alcohol fermentation occurs in
|
in yeast and some bacteria
|
|
|
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
|
fungi, bacteria, and human muscle cells
|
|
|
Glycolysis ---> _______ ---> Kreb's cycle
|
2 pyruvate + coenzyme A --> acetyl CoA + CO2
|
|
|
kreb's cycle (citric acid cycle)
|
-end goal is to reduce NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH2 for them to transport electrons to the electron transport chain
-also produces 2 ATP/turn of the cycle |
|
|
Net rxn for the citric acid cycle (Kreb's cycle)
|
2 ACETYL COA + 6NAD+ + 2FAD + 2GTP + 2INORGANIC PHOS + 4H20 ---> 4CO2 + 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 2ATP + 4H+ + 2COA
--occurs in the inner membrance of the mitochondria |
|
|
Electron transport chain
|
-main idea: oxidize Nadh + FADH2 to NAD+ and FAD+ to form ATP
-occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrame |
|
|
Steps in the electron transport chain
|
1. NADH enters at NADH dehydrogenase complex
2. FADH2 enters at cytochrome q 3. electrons are transferred from one cytochrome to the other via redox 4. electrons eventually reach O2, which is the final electron acceptor in the chain and forms H2O |
|
|
As electrons in the transport chain they lose energy, which is harvested to produce _____
|
ATP
|
|
|
AS electrons are transported down the ETC, H+ are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix across the _______ into the _______
|
inner mitchondrial membrane, inter membrane space
|
|
|
Electrochemical gradient formed by H+ pumped out, forces _____ back into the inner membrane and into the matrix
|
H+
|
|
|
H+ is pumped in/out thru ______ which uses that energy to phosphorylate ADP to _____
|
ATP synthase channels, ATP
|
|
|
Net ATP formed from glycolysis ---> ETC
|
36 ATP / glucose
|
|
|
Net ATP formed from glycolysis ---> fermentation
|
4 ATP/ glucose
|
