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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where would you be most likely to find placoid scales?
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shark
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five characteristics of all chordates?
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notochord, postanal tail, dorsal hollow nerve chord, endostyle, pharyngeal slits
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Where is fibrocartilage found? and give an example
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found at sites where tensile and shear forces are thought to be of significance. i.e. intervertebral disks
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where is elastic cartilage found?
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found at sites where flexible support is required.
i.e. the end of your nose |
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What is feather replacement called?
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molting
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How do feathers form?
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from the dermis, from embryologically from feather folicles
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Where is Hyaline cartilage found?
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found all throughout the body.
I.e. the tips of ribs, in developing bones |
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what is bone and what cells make up bone?
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Bone is calcified connective tissue, calcium and other inorganic salts.
Made up of osteons |
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What is Hypertrophy?
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increase in bone density and disposition
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What is Atrophy?
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decrease in bone desnity
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Corticle bone?
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the outerboundry or cortex of a bone
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Medullary bone?
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lies within the core
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Cancellous bone
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spongey/porous
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compact bone
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dense
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Periosteum
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fibrous connective tissue surrounding the outside of a bone.
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What three bone types make up the skull?
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Neurocranium, dermatocranium, and splanchnocranium.
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What mineral coating is found only in vertebrates?
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enamel
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what is a homodont?
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uniform, all teeth have the same general appearance.
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what is a heterodont?
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(from Greek, meaning 'different teeth') refers to animals which possess more than a single tooth morphology
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polyphydont?
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teeth continuously replaced
i.e. Sharks |
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diphydont?
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two sets of teeth in a lifetime.
i.e. humans |
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what is the dental formula for a cat?
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3-1-3-1/3-1-2-1
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endochondral bone?
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bone that develops in and replaces cartilage
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dermal bone?
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forms directly from the mesenchyme without a cartilage precursor.
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sesamoid bone?
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form within the tendons and are NOT preceded by carilage.
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what are keterinocytes of the dermis?
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most common type of skin cell. They make keratin, which provides strength to skin, hair, and nails. Form in basal layer.
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What is melanin?
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a type of pigment secreted by melanophores.
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what are goose pimples?
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when the ertor pilli muscles in the dermis pull on the base of the hair. Causes the hair shaft to shift upwards.
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what is a nail?
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plates of tightly compacted cornified epithelial cells.
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How does a nail grow?
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forms new nail at the base by pushing new nail forward to replace the old.
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What does the term "agnathan" mean?
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"No Jaw"
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What does the term "cyclostome" mean?
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"Round mouth"
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What taxonomic class do lampreys fall?
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Petromyzontida or Hyperoartia
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What is an ammocotete larva?
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Lamprey larva
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How do ammocoetes feed?
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suspension feeding
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What is an ostracoderm?
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extinct organisms characterized by an armor of bony plates.
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What is baleen?
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whalebone is a filter-feeder system inside the mouths of some whales
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what are Pterylae?
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feather tracks
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describe flight feathers.
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large, shaped, firm, and dense
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What is a filoplume feather?
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Filoplume feathers are incredibly small. They have a tuft of barbs at the end of the shaft. Unlike other feathers which are attached to muscle for movement, filoplume feathers are attached to nerve endings. These feathers send messages to the brain that give information about the placement of feathers for flight, insulation, and preening.
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How are osteoblasts different from osteoclasts?
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Osteoclast: A cell that nibbles at and breaks down bone and is responsible for bone resorption.
Osteoblast: A cell that makes bone. It does so by producing a matrix that then becomes mineralized. |
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Where can you find a Perichondrium?
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same as periosteum, but also encloses cartilage.
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Is cartilage innervated?
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NO.
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Why is cartilage hard to repair?
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because it has no blood supply and is not innervated.
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Bones of the vertebral column and pelvis, as well as most bones of the limbs are of which type?
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endochonrial.
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How many Cervical vertebrae are there?
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7
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How many thoracic vertebra are there?
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13
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How many true ribs are there, false ribs, and floating ribs?
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There are 8 pairs true ribs attached by cartilage to the sternum, there are 3 pairs false ribs, attached cartilage to cartilage. and 1 pair of floating ribs attached by nothing.
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How many sarcal vertebrae are there?
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3
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How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
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7
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Between vertebrae in living animals lie circular pads of fibrous cartilage: The _____________ or _______________.
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intervertebral cartilages or intervertebral disks.
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Gelatinous material found centrally within the intervertebral disks.
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nucleus pulposus
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The first two lumbar vertebrae are referred to as...?
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The atlas and the axis
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Name the order of the types of vertebrae that make up the vertebral column.
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(head) atlas, axis, cervical, thoratic, lumbar, sacrum (fused sacral vertebrae), and caudal.
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Antlers only appear inmembers of the family ___________ and usually only in the male members of the family.
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Cervidae
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What is the "velvet" on antlers, and what is it's purpose?
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Velvet is overlying living skin that covers the antler. It shapes and provides vascular supply to the growing bone. Eventually the velvet is shed leaving only the actual material of the finished antlers.
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Name some specializations of the integument.
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nails, claws, hooves, horns, antlers...etc
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Reptile scales are what type of scale specifically and how does it differ from a bony fish scale and ?
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epidermal scale. It is a literal fold in the surface of the dermis, and lacks the bony undersupport and significant contribution from the dermis like other scale types.
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describe the types teleost scales. How many are there? What are their primary characteristics?
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cycloid scale, which is composed of concentric rings (circuli).
Ctenoid scale, which is similar to the cycloid scale, but with a fringe-like projection along it's posterior margin. |
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How do members of Urochordata feed?
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suspension feeding
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name the three "protochordates"
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urochordata, hemichordata, and cephlochordata
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What is the role of the Uropygial gland?
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the "preen" gland. secretes an oil for preening (in bird)
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What is the intervertebral foramen?
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an opening made by two adjacent vertebrae. Also where spinal nerves exit.
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What is an intervertebral disk?
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a circular pad of fibrous cartilage derived from embryonic notochord.
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What do the neural arch and the hemal arch enclose?
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The neural arch encloses nerves and the hemal arch encloses blood vessels.
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