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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anthropology? |
The study of the human species and their immediate ancestors. |
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What are the four types of Anthropology? |
1. Cultural 2. Archaeology 3. Biological 4. Linguistic |
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What is cultural athropology? |
Cultural presence of contemporary humans |
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What is archaeology? |
Study of the past through material remains |
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What are the two basic activities in cultural anthropology? |
Ethnography: fieldwork based on descriptive accounts of particular communities, societies or cultures Ethnology: examining, interpreting, analyzing and comparing results of ethnography |
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What is ethnography? |
Fieldwork based descriptive accounts of particular comminities, societies or cultures |
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What is society? |
People living in close proximity |
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What is culture? |
The way of life of a society |
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What is an artifiact? |
Object made by humans |
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What are ecofacts? |
Natural material with cultural relevance |
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What is garbage? |
Items discarded by humans |
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What are burials? What do they reveal? |
Objects buried with people. They reveal details of beliefs and stratification |
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What are the five main areas of interest in Biological/physical anthro? |
1.paleoanthropology 2.human growth and development 3.human genetics 4.human biological plasticity 5.study of primates. Primatology. |
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What is paleoanthropology? Which type of anthro is it associated with? |
Human evolution as revealed by the fossil record. Biological anthro |
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What does human biological plasticity refer to? |
Human body's ability to change as it copes with stress |
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What is primatology? What type of anthro is it associated with? |
Study of primates. Biological anthro |
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What is linguistic anthropology? |
Study of language in its social and cultural contexts across space and over time |
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Three types of linguistic anthro? |
1.historical 2.structural 3.socio |
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What is humanism? |
Respect for human diversity and welfare |
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Academic anthro vs. Applied anthro? |
Academic: teaching or pure research Applied: take knowledge and put it to work |
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How is culture compared to an iceburg? |
There is more than we see. Deeper you go the harder it is to understand |
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Five important qualities of culture? |
1.culture is learned through instruction and observation 2. Culture is shared 3. Culture is symbolic and mean different things to different people 4. Cultured are built around core values 5. Culture effects how we fulfill natural biological urges |
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What is enculturation? |
The process by which a child learns his or her culture |
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What are symbols? |
Signs that have no necessary or natural connection to the things they stand for or signify. |
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What does it mean to say that people use culture instrumentallym |
They use it to fulfill their basic biological needs for food, drink, shelter, comfort and reproduction |
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Hominids vs hominins? |
Hominid: all modern and extinct great apes Hominin: group of modetn humans, extinct human species and immediate ancestors. But not chimps and gorillas |
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Ideal vs real culture? |
What people say they should do vs what they do |
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Ethnocentrism? |
My culture is the best culture |
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Cultural relatavism? |
Dont judge other cultures by the standards of your culture |
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Diffusion? |
Borrowing traits between cultures |
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Acculturation |
Ongoing cultural change that results from continuous firsthand contact |
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Independent invention |
The process by which humanss innovate, and find solutions to problems |
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What are three mechanisms for culture change? |
Diffusion, acculturation, and independent invention |
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How do Sociologists and Anthropologists differ the way the conduct research? |
Sociologists focus on industrialized societies and use quantative data collection Abtrhopologists focus on small scale populations and use qualitive data collection |
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What is the goal of ethnogtaphy? |
To underatand the whole of a culture |
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What are the ten ethnographic data collection techniques? |
1.observation 2.conversation 3.genealogy 4. Cultural consultants 5. interviews 6. Local beliefs 7. Problem oriented research 8. Longitudian research 9. Team research 10. Multi sited research |
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Emic vs etic approach? |
Emic deals with the local people's beliefs and is native oriented Etic is science oriented with emphasis on observations, explanations, and interpretations |
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What are key cultural consultants? |
An expert on a particular aspect of local life who helps the ethnographer understand that aspecy |
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What is kinesics? |
Study of communication tgrough body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions |
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Descriptive linguistics? |
Study of a spoken language |
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Phonology? |
Study of speech sounds |
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Morphology? |
The way sounds combine to form words |
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Lexicon? |
Vocabulary |
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Syntax? |
Arrangement and order of words in phrases or sentences |
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Phoneme? |
Significant sound contrast in a language that serves to distinguish meaning, as in minimal pairs |
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Phonetics? |
Study of speech sounds in genetal. What people actually say in various languages |
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Productivity? |
The ability to create new expressions by combining other expressions |
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Displacement? |
The ability to describe things and events that are not present |
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Style shifting? |
Variation in speecg in different contexts or situations? |
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Diaglossia? |
Existence of "high" and "low" dialects within a single language |
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Symbolic domination? |
When a particular dialect is seen as "standard" or "superior" in a stratified society |
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Sapir-whorf hypothesis? |
Different languages produce different ways of thinking |
