Critical Thinking

Front 1

Inference

Back 1

linking statements to draw a conclusion

Front 2

3 parts to an argument

Back 2

issue, conclusion, reason

Front 3

indicator words

because -

therefor -

Back 3

because - reason

therefor - conclusion

Front 4

claims

Back 4

statements that can be argued

Front 5

fact

Back 5

something known to be true

Front 6

opinion

Back 6

statement or belief or feeling that is open to dispute - subjective

Front 7

facts are what statements

Back 7

empirical

Front 8

opinions are what statements

Back 8

conceptual

Front 9

argument

Back 9

connected series of statements (reasons and claims) linked together to support proposition

Front 10

Proposition

Back 10

a statement expressing that something is or isnt the case (same as claim)

Front 11

Issue

Back 11

the question in an argument

Front 12

emperical

Back 12

facts based on observation

Front 13

conceptual

Back 13

based on concept

Front 14

subjective

Back 14

private info (sensations, beleifs, feelings)

Front 15

Objective

Back 15

public physical info - events, knowledge, facts

Front 16

assumption

Back 16

never written, always implied

Front 17

perceiving

Back 17

experience the world through senses, selecting and organzing and interpreting info

Front 18

lenses

Back 18

way which we experience events,

Front 19

beleiving

Back 19

we endorse something which there is weak empirical support

Front 20

knowing

Back 20

we endorse beleifs on strong knowledge reasons

Front 21

claim

Back 21

statement that can be argued

Front 22

premise

Back 22

reason put as evidence to suppport main claim

Front 23

fallacy

Back 23

error in reason, faulty argument

Front 24

main claim

Back 24

conclusion made on reasons given as evidence

Front 25

opinion

Back 25

statement of belief or feeling

Front 26

argue

Back 26

evidence to support a conclusion

Front 27

theory

Back 27

claims consisting of abstract ideas

Front 28

westons 4 forms of argument

Back 28

analogy

authority

causes

example

Front 29

Ad Hominem personal attack

Back 29

attack on man, criticize person not argument

Front 30

Ad Hominem, circumstantial

Back 30

attack on persons situation - other persons related to issue

Front 31

Anecdotal evidence

Back 31

story (my friend went to america)

Front 32

red herring

Back 32

distraction, smoke screen. completely different subject

Front 33

False cause

Back 33

this then that therefor caused that,

Front 34

Begging the question

Back 34

reasons=conclusion

she is broke because she has no money

Front 35

false dilemma

Back 35

the either or, no middle ground

Front 36

slippery slope

Back 36

domino effect, list

if we do this then we have to do that and then this...

Front 37

shifting burden of proof

Back 37

if you cant prove me wrong I must be right

aliens exist because you cant prove they dont

Front 38

two wrongs make a right

Back 38

justify action because another person did the same

Front 39

majority beleif

Back 39

most or many people accept something or beleive something

Front 40

common practice

Back 40

everyone does it

Front 41

education fallacy

Back 41

if the person had better education (on topic) they would of made diff decision

Front 42

perfectionist fallacy

Back 42

excessive demands, rejecting because not perfect

Front 43

conflation of morality with legality

Back 43

anything legal must be immoral vice versa

Front 44

straw man

Back 44

arguer stretches claim

Front 45

broken window

Back 45

christchurch

Front 46

sunk cost

Back 46

relationships investment

Front 47

appeal to hypocracy

Back 47

discredits because arguer is hypocrite, ex smoking

Front 48

Appeal to novelty

Back 48

Buy it because it is new - ex new PlayStation or iphone