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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a period of psychological disequilibrium, experienced as a result of a hazardous event or situation that constitutes a significant problem that cannot be remedied by using familiar coping strategies?
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Crisis
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Two defining features of a crisis
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1. Time-limited
2. Usually lasts a maximum of 6 to 8 weeks |
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Without appropriate resolution, a crisis may produce
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Lasting affective, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction
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Five components of a crisis
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Hazardous event
Vulnerable state Precipitating factor Active crisis state Reintegration |
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What is a specific stressor that disrupts a state of equilibrium and initiates a series of reactions that culminate is a crisis?
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Hazardous event
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This refers to a person's physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to a hazardous event and is marked by an increase in tension and a sense of ineffectiveness. The person attempts to relieve these using their coping strategies.
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Vulnerable state
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This is the final stressful event that moves a person from acute vulnerability to a state of disequilibrium.
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Precipitating factor
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This occurs when a person's coping skills have broken down and tension is at a maximum level. Characterized by disequilibrium.
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Active crisis state
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Person usually recognizes that their customary coping mechanisms are inadequate.
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Active crisis state
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Stage of a crisis when a person is most likely to seek help.
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Active crisis state
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Restoration of equilibrium.
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Reintegration
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Three stages of active crisis state
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1. Physical and psychological agitation
2. Preoccupation with the events leading to the crisis 3. Gradual return to state of equilibrium |
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Broad categories of crisis origin
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1. Situational
2. Maturational |
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Life-cycle transitions are examples of (blank) crises
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Maturational
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A physical illness or injury is an example of a (blank) crisis
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Situational
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An unexpected death is an example of a (blank) crisis
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Situational
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An unexpected job loss is an example of a (blank) crisis
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Situational
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An assault, rape, or crime is an example of a (blank) crisis
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Situational
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A natural or man-made disaster is an example of a (blank) crisis
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Situational
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A change in social status due to divorce is an example of a (blank) crisis
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Maturational
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Relocation to another country is an example of a (blank) crisis
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Maturational
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Three phases involved in a person's reaction to a crisis event
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1. Impact phase
2. Recoil phase 3. Posttraumatic recovery phase |
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Reaction phase where the person exhibits shock, fear, agitation, confusion, or other overt signs of distress and may deny that the event occurred.
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Impact phase
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Phase of reaction to crisis that occurs immediately after the event and lasts from a few minutes to a few hours.
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Impact phase
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Phase of reaction to a crisis when the person acknowledges the reality of their situation and attempts to make sense of what happened.
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Recoil phase
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Phase of reaction to a crisis characterized by intensification of emotional and physical symptoms.
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Recoil phase
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Phase of reaction to a crisis that may involve alternating periods of adjustment and relapse as a the person attempts to re-establish equilibrium.
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Posttraumatic recovery phase
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Duration of this phase of reaction to a crisis depends on the severity of the crisis, the individual's characteristics, and the effectiveness of treatment.
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Posttraumatic recovery phase
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True or False: Substance abuse and impulsive or dangerous activities can be behavioral symptoms of a crisis.
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True
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Identify five pre-event risk factors for severe reactions to a traumatic event.
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1. Previous unresolved trauma/loss
2. Previous psychiatric history or substance abuse 3. Concurrent life stressors 4. Low SES 5. Female gender |
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Identify six peri-event risk factors for severe reactions to a traumatic event.
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1. Sudden/unexpected event
2. Man-made/unnatural disaster 3. Prolonged exposure 4. Threat to life of self/others 5. Exposure to horrific scenes/sensory experiences 6. Substantial personal loss |
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Identify three post-event risk factors for severe reactions to a traumatic event.
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1. Survivor's guilt
2. Adverse reactions of others 3. Lack of social support |
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Physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur around the anniversary of a crisis event is labelled this:
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Anniversary reaction
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For many, (blank) is enough to alleviate symptoms of an anniversary reaction.
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Recognition that symptoms are associated with the anniversary
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True or False: Culture may impact the physical symptoms associated with a crisis.
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True. (e.g., if suppression of strong feelings is a cultural value, the somatic symptoms of stress will be stronger)
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Identify three ways crisis assessment differs from other types of assessment.
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1. Clearly linked to crisis resolution
2. Focus is on immediate problems and only historical information pertinent to resolving the crisis 3. Treatment goals and plan are collaborative with active decision-making by client during treatment |
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Establishing (blank) with the client is an essential component of effective crisis assessment and intervention.
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Rapport
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When are closed-ended questions appropriate in crisis assessment?
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When specific information is needed
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Identify four domains of assessment
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1. Risk to life
2. Origins, severity, and development of crisis 3. Manifestations of the crisis 4. Family, community, and sociocultural factors |
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Which clients in crisis should be assessed with regard to danger to self or others?
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ALL clients in crisis
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The origins, severity, and development of crisis domain involves identifying these two components of a crisis and whether the individual's distress is due to (blank or blank).
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1. Hazardous event and precipitating factors
2. Chronic stress or acute crisis state |
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The goal of the manifestations of the crisis domain is to determine what three things?
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1. Client's interpretation of what led to the crisis
2. Client's ABC and physical reactions to the crisis 3. Client's typical way of dealing with stress |
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True or False. It's important to assign a diagnosis to a person's reaction to a crisis.
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False. It's important to interpret symptoms as a normal response to a crisis so the person will view the reaction as an opportunity for growth.
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Assessing a client's pre-crisis functioning will help determine
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Whether the client's current functioning is atypical and if impairments are acute or chronic.
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This is a key determinant of a client's crisis response.
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The client's subjective experience of recent stressful events.
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How are family, community, and sociocultural factors related to crisis assessment?
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They may clarify the crisis origins, the client's reaction to the crisis, and present alternatives for crisis resolution and return to pre-crisis functioning.
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Identify the three main types of assessment.
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1. Triage
2. Crisis 3. Biopsychosocial |
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This type of assessment is conducted by first responders immediately following a traumatic event. The purpose of the assessment is to determine the need for intervention and identify an appropriate one.
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Triage assessment
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An important aspect of this type of assessment is to distinguish between normal reactions to a crisis and reactions that are excessive or that reflect a pre-existing condition/disorder.
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Crisis assessment
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Four examples of rapid assessment instruments (RAIs) are
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1. BSI (Brief Symptom Inventory)
2. BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) 3. Impact of Events Scale 4. Lewis-Roberts (CSAS) Crisis State Assessment Scale |
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The Myer's Triage Assessment Form determines whether client's reactions are strongest in one of these three domains:
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Affective, cognitive, or behavioral
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The Myer's Triage Assessment Form includes these three types of reactions in the affective domain:
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1. Anger/hostility
2. Anxiety/fear 3. Sadness/melancholy |
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The Myer's Triage Assessment Form includes these three perceptions of the crisis event in the cognitive domain:
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Transgression, threat, or loss
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The Myer's Triage Assessment Form includes these three types of reactions in the behavioral domain:
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1. Avoidance
2. Approach 3. Immobility |
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Supportive strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Validate the client's feelings
Affective |
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Catharsis strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Help a client express emotions
Affective |
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Awareness strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Increase a client's consciousness of emotions
Affective |
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Ordering strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Promote rational thinking
Cognitive |
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Clarifying strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Help the client consider alternative interpretations
Cognitive |
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Delimiting strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Help a client stop catastrophizing
Cognitive |
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Guiding strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Help the client identify and obtain resources
Behavioral |
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Protecting strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Keep the client and others safe
Behavioral |
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Mobilizing strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.
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Mobilize sources of support and assistance
Behavioral |
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The amount of biopsychosocial data collected depends on
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the severity of the crisis and the urgency and nature of the services required
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