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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of C.T.
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Exchange of met and waste
Mech support, ion balance, enegery storage, repair after injury, Shoch absorption, insulation, source of heat (newborns), defense against pathogens |
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The two types of CT
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Loose c.t. (abundant cells, ground substance and fluids)
Dense C.T. has abundant fibers (not cells). Reg and irreg. |
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Ground Substance
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Think jello with cells and fibers.
Have proteoglycans. |
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Proteoglycans
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Gycosaminoglycans (GAG) provide structure to ground substance
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GAGs
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maintain water and ion balance.
Ex. hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4-sulfate, C-6-Sulf |
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Fibroblast
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Main cells that make fibers
Synthesize extracellular matrix materials. |
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Main steps for making collagen
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1. Need Vit C
2. Hydroxylation of prolines and lysines 3. Glycosylation of prollines and lysines 4. Assembly of procollagen p.p. into triple helices 5. Glycosylation 6. Secreted from cell 7. The ends of the procollagen processed and make tropocollagen |
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What factors the strength and thickness of tropocollagen fibers?
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The stress that particular fiber is in.
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Mast cell
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easily recognized for big granuoles (cytokines, HEPARIN and HISTAMINE)
Immediate hypersensitivity response |
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Adipose Cells
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unilocular (white) and multilocular (brown) fat cells- found in babies and hibernating animals
Adipose cells have nucleus needs to be on the OUTSIDE of the cell. Synthesis and storage of TGs. |
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Histamine
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Inc. vascular permeability--> swelling and edema.
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Heparin
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blocks blood cloting, but clotting is normal during anaphylaxis (binds and inactivates histamine)
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What kind of cell has an ending on an adipose cells that release messanger chemicals?
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Nerve cells!
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Brown fat function
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many mitochondria that make heat
large nucleus with many nucleoli and many small fat droplets in them |
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Are macrophages fixed or loose?
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they are phagocytes that are both fixed or transient (floating around loose c.t.)
Free floating in blood are the precursors- monocytes |
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How can you identify macrophages?
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can only ID when it has engulfed something
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What do plasma cells secrete?
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antibodies (derv. from B cells)
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How can you id plasma cells?
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Neg golgi and clock face.
In cytoplasma there is an area of little stain, neg golgi because they are making so much Ab that is rapidly being secreted. |
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Describe the clock face.
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Chromotin at the rim of the nucleus... various nucleoli dots in cell.
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What are tendons made up of?
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fibroblasts.
Dense CT |
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Lamina propria
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loose ct that supports epithelium
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Cartilage
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Dense ct
Absorps shock, stuctural support, reduce friction, template for bone formation |
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Name the three types of cartilage
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Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage |
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Hyaline cartilage
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Trachea
Fibers not seen, darkly b/c of ground substances. High neg charge of proteoglycans changes dye's color |
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What makes up cartilage?
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Chondroblasts (making ground substance and fibrin that makes up matrix around them)
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Progression
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Fibroblasts==>chondroblasts==> chondrocytes
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Appositional growth
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Wider surfaces
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Interstitial growth
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division of chondrocytes and secretion of matrix
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Aggrecan is made up of:
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Type II collage, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, core protein, link protein.
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How does ground substance stain?
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dark blue
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Dense ct in fine rows?
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Think: fibrocartilage.
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How do you see elastic cartilage?
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Think EAR.
Needs special stain. Typically wouldn't see it in regular stains. |
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Is cartilage mineralized?
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no
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What kind of collagen does cartilage have?
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collagen type II
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Is it vascularized and innervated?
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No, no
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