Comps - Physiology Midterm 2015

Front 1

Axial portion of the body:

Back 1

Head

Neck

Trunk

Front 2

Appendicular portion of the body:

Back 2

Limbs

Front 3

Western anatomical position:

Back 3

Body erect

Feet flat on floor

Arms at sides

Feet and palms face forward

Front 4

Sagital plan divides the body into:

Back 4

Right and left parts

Front 5

Transverse or horizontal plan divides the body into:

Back 5

Upper and lower regions

Front 6

Frontal or coronal plane divides the body into:

Back 6

Front and back portions

Front 7

Physiology is the scientific study of (blank)

Back 7

Function

Front 8

Anatomy is the scientific study of (blank)

Back 8

Structure

Front 9

Define the Urinary System of the body:

Back 9

1. Kidneys, urinary bladder and ducts
   
2. It functions to eliminate metabolic waste from the body
   

Front 10

The muscular system:

Back 10

1. Consists of all the muscles in the body
2. Produces movement and heat

Front 11

The integumentary system consists of:

Back 11

1. The skin and its derivatives
2. It covers and protects the body

Front 12

The skeletal system includes:

Back 12

1. The bones, cartilage and ligaments
2. It forms the framework of the body

Front 13

The lymphatic system includes:

Back 13

1. Lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs
2. It is our major defense against disease

Front 14

The nervous system includes:

Back 14

1. The brain, spinal cord and nerves
   
2. It receives stimuli and coordinates body activities

Front 15

Sebaceous glands are:

Back 15

Oil glands

Front 16

What are the levels of organization in a human?

Back 16

1. Atoms
2. Molecules and macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, etc.)
3. Cells and organelles
4. Tissue
5. Organs and organ systems
6. The human organism

Front 17

Mater is...

Back 17

Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight.

Front 18

Atom is...

Back 18

An atom is the smallest unit of an element

Front 19

Protons are (positive/negative/no charge) charged?

Back 19

Protons are positively charged.

Front 20

Neutrons are (positive/negative/no charge) charged?

Back 20

Neutrons have no charge.

Front 21

Electrons are (positive/negative/no charge) charged?

Back 21

Electrons are negatively charged and exist outside the nucleus.

Front 22

What is an isotope?

Back 22

An atom that has a different number of neutrons in the nucleus and therefore a different weight is an Isotope.

Front 23

What is a neutral PH?

Back 23

A neutral PH is 7

Front 24

What is an acid PH?

Back 24

Acids have a PH of less than 7

Front 25

What is a base PH

Back 25

Bases have a PH of greater than 7

Front 26

In a chemical equation, is the product written on the right or left side?

Back 26

The product of a chemical equation is written on the right side of the equation.

The reactants of a chemical equation are written on the left side.

Front 27

What is needed to create a complex molecule?

Back 27

Synthesis reactions form a complex molecule from two or more simple molecules.

Front 28

(T/F): Exergonic reactions release energy.

Back 28

True. Exergonic reactions release energy.

Front 29

(T/F): Endergonic reactions require energy which is then stored in the chemical bonds.

Back 29

True. Endergonic reactions require energy which is then stored in the chemical bonds.

Front 30

(T/F):In homeostasis, it is typically maintained by positive feedback loops which inhibit change.

Back 30

False: In homeostasis, it is typically maintained by negative feedback loops which inhibit change.

Front 31

What are positive feedback mechanisms (loops)?

Back 31

Positive feedback loops are stimulating and cause a process or change to occur at a faster and faster rate leading to a culminating event.

Front 32

(T/F): Negative feedback loops cause change?

Back 32

False. Negative feedback loops inhibit change.

Front 33

Negative feedback loops (examples)?

Back 33

1. Body temperature
2. Blood sugar
3. Blood pressure

Front 34

Positive feedback loops (examples)?

Back 34

Does not maintain homeostasis.

Occurs when the body needs to amplify a process.

1. Producing blood clots
2. Creates LH sugars that causes ovulation
3. Uterus and oxitocin secreting during childbirth

Front 35

What is adipose tissue?

Back 35

Fat. It forms a protective cushion around certain organs, provides insulation and is an efficient energy storage material.

Front 36

What is melanin?

Back 36

Melanin is the brown or black pigment produced by melanocytes to protect the skin from UV radiation. It gives the skin the tan or brown coloration and provided the color of brown or black hair.

Front 37

If sugar is added to water, which is the solvent and which is the solute?

Back 37

• Sugar = Solute (dissolves)
  
• Water = Solvent (does the dissolving)
  

Front 38

A negative ion is a ?

Back 38

• A negative ion is an anion
  
• In a ionic bond, the atom that gains one valence electron.
  

Front 39

A positive ion is a ?

Back 39

• A positive ion is a cation.
  
• In a ionic bond, the atom that loses one valence electron.
  

Front 40

What is simple diffusion?

Back 40

• Simple diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
• It may take place through a permeable membrane
  
• No energy is needed to move across the membrane
  

Front 41

What is the function of DNA in the nucleus of a cell?

Back 41

1. Made of genes
2. Directs protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
3. The gene in the DNA controls the synthesis of one specific protein molecule
4. Protein synthesis uses mRNA and tRNA in transcription and translation
5. Genetic code is transferred from DNA to mRNA which carries information to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Front 42

What is cytoplasm?

Back 42

• The gell-like fluid inside the cell
  
• Made of largely water with a variety of solutes
  
• Has organelles suspended in it
  

Front 43

What are ribosomes?

Back 43

Ribosomes are granules of RNA that function in protein synthesis

Front 44

What are mitochondria?

Back 44

Mitochondria are enclosed by a double membrane and function in the production of ATP (energy).

Front 45

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 45

Endoplasmic reticulum is a series of membranous channels that function to transport molecules.

Front 46

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 46

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes associated with it and it transports proteins.

Front 47

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 47

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes associate with it and it transports certain types of lipids (fats).