Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Test #3 Study Guide

Front 1

Explain the phenomenon of "brainy fish".

Back 1

They have senses that make them smarter in their habitats and it is said that if you eat fish you will become smarter for nourishment of the brain.

Front 2

What are the 3 radiations of fish?

Back 2

Paleozoic

Mesozoic

Cenozoic

Front 3

How are Osteichthyes classified?

Back 3

They are classified into 2 groups:

Actinopterygii (ray-finned)

Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned)

Front 4

Explain autostylic suspension.

Back 4

A type of suspension where the upper jaw is connected directly to the chondrocranium.

Front 5

What is paedomorphosis?

Back 5

retention by adults of traits previously seen only in the young.

Front 6

Describe the lineage of the lungfish.

Back 6

Dorsal, caudal, and anal fins are around the entire posterior third of the body

Size can range from 17 inches to 6.5 feet in length.

There are 7 different kind of lungfishes where 5 are found in Africa, 1 in South America, and 1 in Australia.

Front 7

What is the function of the orobranchial chamber?

Back 7

It is a mouth and gill region that produces a powerful suction that draws prey into the mouth.

Front 8

Describe the food gathering and locomotion structure in actinopterygians.

Back 8

The dorsal and anal fins, which are posteriorly placed allows increased thrust to go after its prey.

Front 9

About ______ percent of species live in freshwater.

Back 9

40%

Front 10

In the U.S. ____ percent of 800 species of native freshwater fish are facing a significant threat.

Back 10

20%

Front 11

Swordfish are on a verge of _______

Back 11

extinction

Front 12

The Orange Ruffy fish generally do not reproduce until they are _____ years old

Back 12

20-25 years old

Front 13

The __________ fish has the ability to live up to 100 years old.

Back 13

Orange Ruffy

Front 14

The _______ fish is confined to shallow tropical waters, and re the most diversified group of vertebrates on Earth.

Back 14

Coral Reef Fish

Front 15

Most fish conduct internal fertilization but some have it by ways of an intermediate organ called the __________.

Back 15

Gonopodium

Front 16

Most fish are _________.

Back 16

Dioseous

Front 17

Fish can be _______ or ________ hermaphrodites.

Back 17

Synchronous (ripe ovaries & testes at the same time)

Consecutive (one sex then become the other with age and time)

Front 18

Potandrous hermaphrodites are ______ first then ______.`

Back 18

male first then female

Front 19

Protogynous hermaphrodites are ______ first then ______.

Back 19

female first then male

Front 20

There are 11 living species of _______ and they live in African freshwater.

Back 20

Bichirs and Reed Fish

Front 21

There are 27 species of ________ fish. They reside in fresh coastal marine waters (Europe, Asia, North America), and are bottom feeders and not scavengers, and are the largest of the freshwater fish.

Back 21

Sturgeon (caviar)

Front 22

The _______ fish can grow up to 8 meters long, and weigh 2,865 pounds.

Back 22

The Beluga fish

Front 23

There are 2 living species of ______, 1 in North America, and 1 in China

Back 23

Paddlefish

Front 24

The Paddlefish is a ______ fish.

Back 24

scaleless

Front 25

The enlongated snout of a Paddlefish makes up to ______ of its total lenght.

Back 25

36-52%

Front 26

There are ____ species of Gars, living in freshwater in Eastern North America.

Back 26

7

Front 27

______ fish have nostrils at the tip of its snout.

Back 27

Gars

Front 28

There are approximately ______ species of Teleosts, that includes catfish, aminos, and perch.

Back 28

20,800 species

Front 29

The 3 different level zones of water are:

Back 29

Epipelagic zone- upper waters, whee photosynthesis is able to take place

Mesopelagic zone- waters between 100-1000 meters below surface water

Bathypelagic zone- below 1000 meters

Front 30

There is a lack of food in deepwater environment because water is too deep for light to penetrate through the __________ zone.

Back 30

Mesopelagic Zone

Front 31

Because there is limited light most fish have developed ___________.

Back 31

Bioluminescence

Front 32

This egg has the ability to float in water

Back 32

Palagic egg

Front 33

This egg sinks when they are released from the female because the density is greater than the water.

Back 33

Demersal egg

Front 34

The number of eggs produced is directly related to _____________

Back 34

parental care

Front 35

The Salmon fish produces about __________ eggs

Back 35

5,000 eggs

Front 36

The Stickelback fish produces about ______ eggs

Back 36

60 eggs

Front 37

When eggs are layed and are not guarded by the parents they are considered ___________

Back 37

Non-Guarders

Front 38

Eggs laid in open waters

Back 38

open substratum (ex. Herring fish)

Front 39

to bury or hide eggs but not guard them

Back 39

broodhider (ex. Salmon)

Front 40

__________ are one or both parents guard eggs against predators, and stay airated.

Back 40

Guarders

Front 41

______ is when a fish chooses a substrate and guards the eggs.

Back 41

Substratum chooser

Front 42

_____ is when fish make a nest and guards the eggs.

Back 42

Nest spawner

Front 43

_____ is when fish bares eggs, and doesn't leave them

Back 43

Barriers

(external- have eggs in mouth or pouch

internal- have internal fertilization)

Front 44

___________ are fish that live at sea and swim upstream to spawn.

Back 44

Anadromus

Front 45

_________ are fish that live in freshwater, but spawn at sea.

Back 45

Catadromus

Front 46

The _________ is the way water enters the mouth, enters through the pharynx, and then leaves the body.

Back 46

operculum

Front 47

Jaws in fish are developed from the _____ and _____ gill arches.

Back 47

1st and 2nd gill arches