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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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health history and examination=? |
Needs assessment |
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Diagnosis=? |
Data/needs analysis |
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Treatment planning |
Program planning |
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Treatment=? |
Program operation |
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Payment=? |
Funding |
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Evaluation=? |
Appraisal |
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4 levels of community health? |
International, federal, state and local |
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Example of an organization that promotes international community health |
WHO |
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Who acts on oral health problems at the national level? |
Federal gov |
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Organization that focuses on oral health at a federal level |
Department of health and human services |
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Who published healthy people 2010? |
DHHS |
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State level does what? |
Administers some programs, provides consultation for local health departments |
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Local level does what? |
Administers county programs, and local measures such as fluoridation |
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epidemiology |
Study of health and disease in populations |
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quantitative data |
Anything that can be counted or expressed numerically |
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Prevalence |
Number of people managing a disease at any given time |
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Incidence |
Number of new cases in a year |
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Epidemic |
Unexpectedly large number of cases in a specific population |
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Endemic |
A regularly occurring affliction (hay fever) |
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Pandemic |
Worldwide outbreak of a disease |
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Pandemic |
Worldwide outbreak of a disease |
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Two types of descriptive studies |
Cross sectional and longitudinal |
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Cross sectional study |
One time interaction, a snap shot |
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Longitudinal study |
Observing individuals over time |
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Analytical studies |
Test hypothesis to establish cause |
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Null hypothesis |
H0 |
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Alternative hypothesis |
H1 |
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Experimental analytical studies |
W controlled settings and blindness |
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Best way to avoid bias |
Double blind study |
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Case control/ retroactive studies |
Observing people who already have an affliction vs those who don't |
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Cohort/ prospective studies |
Follow large groups over a long period of time |
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Random sample |
Equal chance of picking ex phone book selection |
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Stratified sample |
Getting participants based on subgŗoups |
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Systematic sample |
Every nth person |
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Judgment sample |
Someone familiar w the population picks the sample. High chance for bias |
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Convince sample |
First 10 people to walk through the door |
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Dependent variable |
Outome of a study DEPENDS ON THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
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Independent variable |
Manipulated to produce a response to the dependent variable |
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Measures of central tendency |
The middle, finding where the data is balanced |
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Measures of central tendency |
Mean, median and mode |
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Mean |
Average , sensitive to extreme values (range) |
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Median |
Divides the scores into two equal parts |
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Mode |
The most frequently occurring score which affects the skew of a graph |
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The mean, median and mode are equal when |
There is a normal distribution (bell curve) |
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Standard deviation |
Reflects the range, bigger the range the wider the distribution of the curve |
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Positive skew |
When more scores fall in the lower range |
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Negative skew |
When most of the data falls in the higher range |
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Intraexaminer reliability |
Consistent performance by the same evaluator |
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Interexaminer reliability |
Consistency between different examiners |
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Sensitivity |
Identify presence of a disease |
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Specificity |
Identity absense of a disease |
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P value |
Probability that something will happen on its own w no intervention |
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Primary services |
Preventive ie regular cleanings, fluoride |
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Secondary services |
Managing a condition ie NSPT, perio maintenance |
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Tertiary services |
Fillings, implants (restoring lost structures) |
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Characteristics of an ideal index |
Simple, valid, reliable, clear, sensitive, quantifiable, objective and accepted |
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Categories of indices |
Reversible, irreversible, simple and cumulative |
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Reversible |
Measures conditions that can be changed ie gingivitis |
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Irreversible |
Cannot be changed ie periodontal disease |
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Simple |
Measures the presence or absence of a disease |
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Cumulative |
Measures all data of a condition past and present |
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Caries indices |
DMFT, deft, dft, RCI, CAMBRA |
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Gingivitis indices |
GI and SBI |
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Periodontal indices |
PDI, PI, PSR and CPITN |
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Oral hygiene indices |
OHI-S, PII, PHP, VMI |
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First step in planning an OH program |
Needs assessment |
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Ways to collect a needs assessment |
Direct observation, interviews, questionnaire, survey and records/charts |
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Access to care issues |
Need, utilization, demand and barriers |
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Exam method type 1 |
Comprehensive including mouth mirror, light, radiographs, study models etc |
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Exam method type 2 |
Comprehensive minus study casts |
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Exam method type 3 |
Mouth mirror and light only |
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Exam method type 4 |
Tongue depressor and light only |
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Medicare |
Health insurance for elderly and disabled |
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Medicaid |
Health insurance for poor |
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Medicaid and medicare were created as a result of |
The social security act of 1965 |
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Formal delivery of teaching |
Lecture, demonstrations and discussions |
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Informal teaching |
Brochures, pamphlets, billboards etc |
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External motivation |
Promise of reward |
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Internal motivation |
Change as a result of self awareness |
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Summative evaluation |
Measures impact of a program |
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Formative evaluation |
Conducted during the program |
