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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intimacy |
significant emotional closeness experienced in a relationship, whether romantic or not requires deep commitment |
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4 forms of intimacy |
emotional, social, legal, financial |
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Emotional Intimacy |
sense of responsibility for each other’s feelings and emotional well-being |
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Social Intimacy |
motivates us to spend time together, to compromise, be generous w/ praise, and avoid petty conflict |
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Legal Intimacy |
parents have legal responsibility for kids well-being |
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Financial Intimacy |
like providing money for a relative in need |
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Investment |
the commitment of resources in relationship |
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Dialectical Tensions |
conflicts between two important but opposing needs |
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3 Types of Dialectical Tensions |
Autonomy vs. Connection Openness vs. Closedness Predictability vs. Novelty |
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Autonomy vs. Connection |
desire to be your own person vs. desire to be close to others |
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Openness vs. Closedness |
desire for disclosure and honesty vs. desire to keep certain facts, thoughts, or ideas to yourself |
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Predictability vs. Novelty |
desire for consistency vs. desire for fresh new experiences |
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Expectations for _____ vary around the world |
relationships |
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Exclusiveness |
partners expect each other to be monogamous |
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Voluntariness |
both people choose for themselves whether to be romantically involved |
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Love |
reason western people base their relationships around, usually |
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Sexuality |
social and legal acceptance (same-sex marriages) |
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5 Stages of Relationship Development
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initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding |
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Initiating |
first time interacting |
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Experimenting |
initiate convo to learn more about the person |
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Intensifying |
from acquaintance to close friend; spend more time together and meet each others friends |
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Integrating |
we; relationship identity; deep commitment formed |
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Bonding |
public announcement |
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5 Stages of Relationship Dissolution |
differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating |
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Differentiating |
partners begin to view their differences as undesirable |
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Circumscribing |
begin to decrease quality and quantity of communication w/ each other |
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Stagnating |
partners feel as if they’re just going through the motions |
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Avoiding |
create physical and emotional distance from each other |
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Terminating |
relationship is officially judged to be over |
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Romantic relationships vary in how they handle ______ |
conflict |
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Validating Couples |
discuss disagreements openly and cooperatively |
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Volatile Couples |
discuss disagreements openly but competitively |
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Avoiding Couples |
discuss disagreements covertly rather than openly |
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Hostile Couples |
frequent and intense conflict |
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Gottman's 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse |
criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling |
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Criticism |
complaints about each other |
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Contempt |
insult each other and attack the other's self worth |
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Defensiveness |
seeing yourself as a victim and denying responsibility for your behaviors |
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Stonewalling |
withdrawing from the conversation 'shutting down' from the other |
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Satisfied couples have a _:_ ratio of positive to negative comments |
5 ; 1 |
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Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPM) |
people in relationships negotiate the tension between disclosing info and keeping it private |
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__% of executives believe that communication and productivity are linked |
96 |
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Nominal Group Technique (NGT) |
process which group members generate their initial ideas silently and independently and then combine them and consider them as a group |
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Ideawriting |
encourages members to generate and evaluate ideas in writing while working independently |
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Brainstorming |
focus on quantity, don’t criticize, encourage creativity, piggyback |
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2 Functions of Leadership |
task functions
relationship functions |
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Task Functions |
activities that help the group achieve its goals |
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Relationship Functions |
any activities that improve the emotional climate or increase the satisfaction of individual members |
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Perceptions of Leaders |
physical (male, taller, handsome)
psycho-socially (self-esteem, impression manager, low communication apprehension) |
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Reward Power |
based on the ability to reward for compliance |
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Coercive Power |
based on the ability to punish for noncompliance |
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Referent Power |
based on liking, admiration and attraction |
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Legitimate Power |
based on rightfully granted status or position |
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Expert Power |
based on knowledge, training, experience and/or position |
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Informational Power |
based on access to valued information |
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Authority Rule |
leader of the group makes the decisions |
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Garbage Can |
problems, solutions, participants and choices are all dumped together we aren’t rational as we come to conclusions |
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Communication Apprehension |
anxiety or fear about communicating with others |
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Conflict Managing Styles |
2 dimensions concern for own needs, and needs of other parties |
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Competing |
high concern for our own need/desires |
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Avoiding |
low concern for both self and other party |
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Compromising |
moderate concern for everyone’s needs; both parties give up something to reach conclusion |
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Collaborating |
high concern for needs of both sides |
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Groupthink |
unanimous consensus despite individual doubts |
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What Leads to Groupthink? |
illusion of invulnerability collective rationalization illusion of morality excessive stereotyping pressure for conformity self-censorship illusion of unanimity mindgaurds |
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Ways to Avoid Groupthink |
be aware of the potential for groupthink make sure the group has sufficient time to make decisions encourage dissenting viewpoints seek input from outside the group give important decisions a second chance |
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Barriers to Effective Listening |
noise boredom info overload rebuttal tendency |
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Unanimous Concensus |
uncontested support for a decision- sometimes the only option in a group’s decision-making process |
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Stalemate |
members’ opinions so sharply divided that consensus is impossible to achieve |
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False Consensus |
some members of a group say they support the unanimous decision even though they do not |
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Majority Rule |
will of the majority |
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Minority Rule |
small number of members makes a decision on behalf of the group |
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Expert Opinion |
recommendations of individuals who have expertise in a particular area that are sometimes the basis of a group’s decision-making process |
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Authority Rule |
leader of the group makes the decisions |
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Social Exchange Theory |
people seek to maintain relationships in which their benefits outweigh their costs |
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Relational Maintenance Theory |
primary behaviors people use to maintain their relationships |
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Equity Theory |
a good relationship is one in which a person’s ratio of costs and benefits is equal to his or her partners |
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Social Penetration Theory |
depth and breadth of self-disclosure helps us learn about a person we’re getting to know |
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory |
people find uncertainty to be unpleasant, so they are motivated to reduce their uncertainty by getting to know others |
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Attraction Theory |
why individuals are drawn towards others |
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Percent Cosmetic Surgeries Rose by from 1997 to 2007 |
457% |
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Number of Advertisements People See Per Day |
3,000 |
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__% of an Ad's Message is Received by the Conscious Mind |
8 |
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The U.S. Consensus Bureau says that Minorities will Make Up __% of the Population by 2050 |
54 |
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Majority Minority States by the 21st Century |
California Hawaii New Mexico Texas |
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Majority Minority 'Tipping Point' States by 2010 |
Arizona Florida Georgia Maryland Mississippi Nevada New Jersey New York |
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__% of the Population was Black in 1800 |
20 |
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Melting Pot |
high-heat fusion process that melts metals into liquids and forces out impurities and unessential elements |
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E Pluribus Unum |
From many, one |
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Black Slaves Counted as _/_ of a Person |
3/5 |
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In 1790, __% of the Blacks in the U.S. were Slaves |
92 |
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The Asian American Population Grew __% from 2000-2010 |
69 |
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_______ are the most Racially Diverse Religion in the U.S. |
muslims |
