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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathogenesis of a neural tube defect.
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-Failure of fusion of the lateral folds of the neural plate.
--Cranial portion closes 24-26th day. --Caudal portion closes 26-28th day. -Rupture of a previously closed neural tube |
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Maternal findings of a neural tube defect.
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Increased maternal α-fetoprotein in serum or amniotic fluid.
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Relationship of maternal folate with formation of neural tube defect.
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Folate deficiency increases the risk of neural tube defects
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Describe and be able to recognize anencephaly.
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-Complete absence of brain
-Frog like (facial) appearance -Maternal polyhydraminios |
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Describe spina bifida occulta and be able to recognize it in a newborn.
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-Defect in closure of the posterior vertebral arch
-Dimple or tuft of hair in the skin overlying L5-S1. |
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Describe a meningocele and be able to recognize it in a newborn
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-Spina bifida with cystic mass containing meninges
-Most common in lumbosacral region. |
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Describe a meningomyelocele and be able to recognize it in a new born
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-Spina bifida occulta with cystic mass containing meninges and spinal cord
-Most common in lumbosacral region |
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Describe the clinical and gross features of the Arnold-Chiari malformation
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1. Caudal extension of medulla and cerebellar vermis through foramen magnum
2. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus 3. Platybasia (flattening of the base of the skull) 4. Meningomyelocele, syringomyelia. |
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Be able to recognize the clinical and gross feature of the Arnold-Chiari Malformation aka put picture and ask what is this?
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Arnold-Chiari Malformation
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Protection against neural tube defects
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Maternal folate level must be adequate before pregnancy.
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Describe the gross and clinical findings of the Dandy-Walker Malformation
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1. Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis
2. Cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle 3. Foramina of Luska and Magendie 4. Non communicating hydrocephalas. |
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Be able to recognize the gross and clinical features of the Dandy-Walker malformation
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Dandy-Walker Malformation.
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What is Syringomyelia
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-Degenerative disease of the spinal cord.
--Fluid filled cavity within the cervical spinal cord. --Produces cervical cord enlargement --Cavity expands and causes degeneration of the spinal tracts -Associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation. |
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Describe the clinical findings of Syrinomyelia.
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1. Disruption of the crossed lateral spinothalamic tracts
--Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the hands --Patient can burn hands without being aware of the burn. 2. Destruction of anterior hand cells. --Atrophy of intrinsic muscles of the hand --Often confused with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ---No sensory changes in ALS |
