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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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minding |
an inner dialogue used to test alternatives, rehearse actions, and anticipate reactions before responding |
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expectancy violations theory |
the things that happen when our space is violated, how we react |
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approach-avoidance needs |
fight or flight *This theory is also used when our expectations are violated |
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symbols (messages) |
doesn't necessarily resemble what they represent example: "can you pass the ketchup" *all about words |
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signs (messages) |
-resembles what it represents -usually not based on words -less abstract ex: pointing at ketchup ex: the sign on the women's bathroom door, the picture of the woman |
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objective |
predictive, quantitative data, number based research *Big T truth for all ex: trying to figure out how relationships work, so you stay back and watch. Separation of the knower and known. *Gives surveys and closed answer questions |
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interpretive |
less based on prediction, subjective process *No big T truth. Multiple truths for different situations ex: studying a relationship by asking the couple questions, and getting close and involved with the couple *Asking open ended questions, and uses ethonography ex: Dr. Scott working with the firefighters |
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What is theory? |
-a set of ideas that make claims about something -an idea that something is true *a theory is a statement about the relationships b/w two or more |
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social exchange theory (EVT) |
we have a natural tendency to maximize rewards and minimize costs. -This shapes how we communicate |
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communicator reward valence |
-sum of the postive or negative attributes or potential rewards or punishments a person brings to the encounter -shapes how we will responds to the violation -how rewarding the person being violated feels toward the violator |
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violation valence |
do we find the violation pleasing or displeasing negative: less than expected positive: more than expected ex: intimacy from spouse = positive intimacy from stranger = negative ex: asking GF to marry you on the jumbo screen knowing she'll say yes = Positive |
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Expectancy |
-is what is predicted to occur rather than what is desired
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violaitons |
when expectancy are violated ex: when you violate me, i become aroused and become distracted ex: broken baseball bat picture -crowd was not expecting the bat to break, so when it did, they were aroused and became more aware and tried to protect themsleves |
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symbolic interactionism |
we interpret things based off what we know and who we are as people. Meaning, language, thought |
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meaning |
we act towards people/things by the meanings we attach to them |
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language |
meaning arises from social interactions that people have with each other. We use language to describe things |
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thought |
inner conversation/self-talk/minding |
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the self |
compromised of the "I" and the "Me" -ones self concept comes about by taking the role of the other I: you when you were born Me: reflecting upon yourself , what we see in the looking glass ex: when we are born we are a blank slate. The "I" gets smaller while the "Me" gets bigger. |
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the role of the generalized other |
the sense of how you think other people will respond to you when you do/say something ex: Dr. Scot won't wear bike shorts b/c he knows how people will look at him and judge him |
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looking glass self |
the self that we see when we look through the lenses of the generalized other -we are looking through the lenses of society at ourselves -we reflect on ourselves as objects so we can fit in and be accepted |
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person centered messages |
being award of subjective, affective, and relational qualities, but you have to be able to adapt to the persons 3 traits to have an effective message subjective: how the person is receiving the message affective: "emotion" what emotional state is the person in relational: the relationship b/w the two people ex: knowing how to change and monitor your message to the audience |
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message design logic |
is fundamentally how we use these messages to reach a certain goal Expressive Design Logic: open and honest, no goal Conventional Design Logic: Good communication has rules and expectations, messages are shaped with a goal in mind Rhetorical Design Logic: we can use communication to shape ideas, identities. We use comm. to socially construct situations ex: student trying to get permit for class |
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social support |
communication that reduces uncertainty about the self, the other, and the situaiton -people that receive social support live longer, and are happier -people who are more Cognitively complex give better social support |
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cognitive complexity |
-is a product of culture and socialization -is not evenly distributed through out society ex: the more money you make, the more C.C. you and your kids will be because you can send them to better schools where they will be smarter and learn more and have a better voab |
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social penetration theory |
-this theory is about intimacy, and relationships -Theory says " a relationship will develop successfully when it develops slowly." |
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self disclosure |
-when person A discloses something, then person B should also disclose something -once disclosure has penetrated deeply, it will cut a path through which it can constantly return -biographical info is always disclosed first |
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R.C.Q. (role category questionaire) |
measures cognitive complexity -contrasting features we use to clarify others ex: person is told to describe a person with a list of words and the tester will score the person based off their list to determine how cognitively complex they are |
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constructivism |
seeks to explain individual difference in peoples ability to communicate skillfully in social situations *why are some people better @ persuasion than others *some people are better @ reading other people's emotions and thoughts |
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similar skills model |
relationships tend to last longer when people possess the same verbal skillsq |
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sophisticated communication |
the more C.C. you are, the more sophisticated you are -how sophisticated the categories are in your head can lead to more complex messages -the more Comples our categories are in our head, the better we are @ created person-centered messages |
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personal space |
invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individuals preferred distance from others |
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procedural record |
remembered an action taken at a certain time with its consequences -used to asses a present situation -depends on culture ex: i remembered a time when me and my friend ran from the cops and it ended badly, the same situation is occuring again so this time i will not run from the cops |
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default assumption |
"symbolic interaction-ism" when we are so used to thinking a specific thing, that we are so closed minded to other options. ex: doctor joke where woman can't be doctor |
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participant observation |
when you don't just observe a group of people but become apart of that group. ex: dr. scott working with firemen |
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arousal |
when your senses heighten and you start to pay close attention to your surroundings |
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epistemology |
how do we come to know what we know? |
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Objectivists epistemology |
Big T Truth -truth is singular, only one truth to certain situations -separate the knower and the known ex: to see how relationships, you need to be as far away as possible ex: does surveys and closed questionaire |
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interpretivists epistemology |
truth is subjective -cannot separate knower from known -there can be multiple truths example: asking a couple questions about their relationships example: textual analysis and ethnographies |
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determininsm |
forces outside of your control shape your behavior (objectivists) |
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free will |
make your own choices, hard to make predictions (interpretivists) |
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Fantasy Theme |
create + imaginative attempt , these people choose to interpret their group a certain way. ex: my group hates Dr. Scott, so we are going to interpret him the same way |
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fantasy chain reaction |
fantaies "chain out" when the same fantasy is seen multiple times in 1 small group ex: small group all hates dr. scott, They repeat this over and over again within the group |
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rhetorical vision |
emerges when the same set of fantasy themes are seen through out several small groups |
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depenetration |
when two people are slowly losing interest in the relationship and stop giving each other so much information. They begin to pull back out of the relationship |
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comparison level |
your standard for how minimally satisfying relationships should be based on past relationships |
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comparison level alternative |
your perception of the best relational outcomes that are available to you outside of your relationship ex: being in a relationship and thinking about all of the other relationships you could be in that would be better than the one you're in now |
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outcomes |
how rewarding or costly the relationship is ____________=rewards-cost |
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self fulfilling prophesy |
we have a significant impact on how others view themselves |
