Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Movie
|
-Thomas Edison played big role in the invention of motion picture.
|
|
|
Film
|
.
|
|
|
Motion Picture
|
-Filming with camera in motion
|
|
|
Documentary
|
-A movie or TV news genre that documents reality by recording actual characters and settings
|
|
|
Blockbuster
|
-The type of big-budget special effects films that typically have summer or holiday release dates, heavy promotion, and lucrative merchandising tie-ins.
|
|
|
Persistence of Vision
|
.
|
|
|
Kinetoscope
|
-Perforated film with sequential images
-Film threaded on rollers as a continuous ribbon |
|
|
The Kiss
|
.
|
|
|
The Great Train Robbery
|
-(Edwin Porter, 1903)
-Scenes in real life (New Jersey) -Elaborated stage play -Innovative techniques -Parallel editing (cross cuts) -Location shooting -Minor camera movement -Cuts between interior & exterior scenes -Use of close-up |
|
|
The Birth of a Nation
|
-The pro-Union Northern Stonemans vs. the Pro Confederacy Southern Camerons
-Controversial subject -Inappropriate portrayal of African American -Unintelligent and sexually aggressive -The Ku Klux Klan as a heroic force -Parallel editing -“Meanwhile, back at the ranch…” -Dolly and truck -Actually moving the camera while filming Full length movies |
|
|
Pre-Production
|
-Since 1920s…
-Power shifted to directors -Making storyboard -Scouting location -Planning shooting schedules… |
|
|
Post-Production
|
-Video editing
-Audio editing -Visual effects: such as computer-generated imagery (CGI) -Sound effect -Film scoring -Preparing for distribution |
|
|
Rating System
|
-1967, the MPAA introduced a system to rate movies for age appropriateness.
-G: General audience -PG: Parental guidance suggested -PG-13: Special guidance for children under 13 -R: People under 17 must be accompanied by an adult -NC-17: No one under 17 admitted |
|
|
Narrative Film
|
-Movies that tell a story, with dramatic action and conflict emerging mainly from the individual characters.
|
|
|
Nickelodeon
|
-A form of movie theater whose name combines the admission price with the Greek word for “Theater”.
-Small and uncomfortable theaters. |
|
|
Studio System
|
-An early film production system that constituted a sort of assembly-line process for moviemaking
-Major film studios controlled not only by actors, but also directors, editors, writers, and other employees, all of whom worked under exclusive contracts. |
|
|
Movie Palace
|
-Lavish single-screened movie theaters that emerged in the 1910s in the United States
|
|
|
Internet
|
-“A network of networks” – UNESCO
-“A global system of interconnecting computer networks that uses the standard Internet Protocol Suits (TCP/IP) to serve users world wide” – Wikipedia -“A vast computer network linking smaller computer networks worldwide” – Dictionary.com |
|
|
World Wide Web
|
-Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991
-A way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet -A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet -An open platform of standards where anyone can create a website on the Internet |
|
|
ARPAnet
|
-The original internet designed by the U.S. Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency.
|
|
|
Web 1.0
|
-The web technicians serve as the designers and content contributor
|
|
|
Web 2.0
|
-Everyone serves as contributors
|
|
|
Social Media
|
-Digital applications that allow people world-wide to have conversations, share common interests, and generate their own media content online.
|
|
|
Types of Social Media
|
-Facebook, Twitter, Instagram
|
|
|
Advertising
|
-Is “paid persuasive communication, using non-personal mass media to reach broad audiences to connect an identified sponsor with a target audience.”
|
|
|
Marketing
|
- A complicated process with a broader range of activities & institutions
-Research -Advertising -Sales -Public relations -Customer service and satisfaction |
|
|
Famous Person Testimonial
|
-An advertising strategy that associates a product with the endorsement of a well known person.
|
|
|
Plain Folks Pitch
|
-An advertising strategy that associates a product with simplicity and the common person.
|
|
|
Snob Appeal
|
-An advertising strategy that attempts to convince consumers that using a product will enable them to maintain or elevate their social sanction.
|
|
|
Bandwagon Effect
|
-An advertising strategy that incorporates exaggerated claims that everyone is using particular product so you should too.
|
|
|
Hidden-Fear Appeal
|
-An advertising strategy that plays on a sense of insecurity, trying to persuade consumers that only a specific product will can offer relief.
-Ex: Bad breath, sweating, yellow teeth, etc. |
|
|
Association Principle
|
-In advertising, a persuasive technique that associates a product with some cultural value or image that has a positive connotation but may have little connection to the actual product.
|
|
|
Product Placement
|
-The product is mentioned/used in the scene.
-The product is emotionally attached to the main character. -The product is shown on screen. -The product is not forced upon viewers. -The display of product does not interrupt the flow of scenes. |
|
|
Space Brokers
|
-In the days before modern advertising, individuals who purchased space in newspapers and sold it to various merchants.
|
|
|
Demographics
|
-In market research, the study of audiences or consumers by age, gender, occupation, ethnicity, education, and income
|
|
|
Psychographics
|
-In market research, the study of audience or consumer attitudes, beliefs, interests, and motivations.
|
|
|
Value and Lifestyles (VALS)
|
-A market research strategy that divides consumers into types and measure psychological factors, including how consumers think and feel about products ad how they achieve (or do not achieve) the lifestyles in which they aspire.
|
|
|
Viral Marketing
|
-Short videos or other cogent that marketers hope will quickly gain widespread attention as users share it with friends online or by word of mouth.
|
|
|
Public Relations
|
-The total communication strategy conducted by a person, a government, or an organization attempting to reach and persuade its audiences to adopt a point of view.
|
|
|
Press Release
|
-In public relations, announcements written in the style of news reports
-Give new information about an individual, company, or an organization, and pitch a story idea into the media |
|
|
Special Events/Pseudo-Events
|
-Circumstances or events created solely for the purpose of obtaining coverage in the media.
|
|
|
Crisis Management
|
-
|
|
|
Community & Consumer Relations
|
-
|
|
|
Press Agents
|
-The earliest type of public relations practitioner, who seeks to advance a client's image through media exposure.
|
|
|
Publicity
|
-In public relations, the positive, and negative messages that spread controlled and uncontrolled information about a person, corporation, issue, or a policy in various media.
|
|
|
Ivy Lee
|
-
|
|
|
Edward Bernays
|
-
|
|
|
Video News Release (VNR)
|
-In public relations, the visual counterpart to press release; they pitch story ideas to the TV news media by mimicking the style of a broadcast news report.
|
|
|
Public Service Announcement (PSA)
|
-Reports or announcements, carried by free radio and TV stations, that promote government programs, educational projects, voluntary agencies, or social reforms.
|
|
|
Golden Mean
|
-Aristotle- Greek philosopher
-Moderation in life- operating between extremes -Applying the Golden Mean -Balanced report -Fairness/impartial -Reflecting both sides of an issue |
|
|
Categorical Imperative
|
-Immanuel Kant (18th century philosopher)
-Ethical principles should be determined by what could be applied universally Absolute ethics -Applying the Categorical Imperative: If lying is unethical, then a reporter who lies to go undercover is violating ethics. |
|
|
Principle Utility
|
-Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill
-Seeking the greatest good for the greatest number of people -Applying the Principle of Utility If the publication of a news story will benefit more people than it would harm, the story is published |
|
|
Veil of Ignorance
|
-John Rawls (20th century writer)
-Justice emerges when social differentiations are eliminated -Information is treated outside social context -Applying the Veil of Ignorance CNN reporters covering BP oil spills should be able to ignore that BP is one of its biggest advertisers. |
|
|
Conflict of Interest
|
-Considered unethical, a compromising situation in which a journalist stands to benefit personally from the news report he or she produces.
|
|
|
The Fourth Estate
|
-The notion that the press operates as an unofficial branch of government, monitoring the legislative, judicial, and executive branches for abuses of power.
|
|
|
The First Amendment
|
-The freedom of speech, the press, etc.
|
|
|
Freedom of Press
|
-Not an absolute right
-Balanced by other personal rights and societal interests in Supreme Court Against obscenity National security interests Reputation protection Right to privacy Copyright Infringement -Reputation protection Defamation (Libel= written defamation, Slander= spoken defamation) -Right to privacy “Quarterback still wets his bed” “Players academically ineligible |
|
|
Social Responsibility Model
|
-A model for journalism and speech, influenced by the libertarian model that encourages the free flow of information to citizens so they an make wise decisions about political and often more social issues.
|
|
|
Right to Privacy
|
-Addresses a persons right to be left alone, without his or her name, image, or daily activities becoming public property.
|
|
|
Seditious Expression
|
-
|
|
|
Libel
|
-In media law, the defamation of character in written expression
|
|
|
Slander
|
-In law, spoken language that defames a person's character.
|
|
|
Media Effects
|
-the mainstream tradition in mass communication research, in attempts to understand, explain, and predict the impact or effects of the mass media on individuals and society.
|
|
|
Powerful Effects
|
-
|
|
|
Minimal Effects
|
-(1940s-1960s)
-People’s Choice Studies- By Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, & Hazel Gaudet -Two step flow model- Mass media goes out to opinion leaders who then have social contact with other individuals. -Selective retention & selective exposure- People expose themselves to the media messages that are most familiar to them and then retain the information that confirm the values and attitudes that they already hold. -Reinforce attitudes instead of change them. |
|
|
Moderate Effects
|
-Media content does have an impact on people.
-The impact is limited by many factors. -Media users are not passive. -Bobo Doll Experiments: Children who viewed the adult film were more aggressive. Used the same type of behaviors as viewed Reward increased aggression Media and violence have a relationship |
|
|
Hypodermic Needle Model/ Magic Bullet Model
|
-The concept of powerful media affecting weak audiences.
-It suggests that media shoots powerful effects directly into unsuspecting audiences or “victims”. |
|
|
Two-Step Flow Model
|
.Mass media goes out to opinion leaders who then have social contact with other individuals.
|
|
|
Bobo Doll Experiments
|
-Children who viewed the adult film were more aggressive.
-Used the same type of behaviors as viewed -Reward increased aggression -Media and violence have a relationship |
|
|
Uses and Gratification Theory
|
-Active role of users- What people do with media vs. what media does to people
|
|
|
Spiral of Silence
|
-A theory that links the mass media, social psychology, and the formation of public opinion; the theory says that people who hold minority views on controversial issues tend to keep their views silent.
|
|
|
Selective Exposure/Selective Retention
|
-People expose themselves to the media messages that are most familiar to them and then retain the information that confirm the values and attitudes that they already hold.
Reinforce attitudes instead of change them. -Exposure: seek for messages and meanings that correspond with their beliefs -Retention: Remember images that correspond with their preexisting beliefs. |
|
|
Social Learning Theory
|
- A theory within media effects research that suggests a link between mass media and behavior.
|
|
|
Agenda-Setting
|
-A media-research argument that says that when the mass media pay attention to particular events or issues, they determine- that is, set agenda for the major topics of discussion for individuals and society.
|
