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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 3 kinds of examples?
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1.) Brief Examples - A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
2.) Extended Examples - A story, narrative or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point 3.) Hypothetical Example - An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation |
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What are 4 guidelines to follow when dealing with examples?
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1.) Only use them when you need them:
-For understanding or clarifying -For attention -For support 2.)Few are better than many 3.)Should be dramatic/vivid whenever possible 4.) Delivery is crucial, so PRACTICE |
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What are 5 guidelines to follow when dealing with statistics?
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1.) Use sparingly to avoid confusion
2.) Cite sources to make your stats more reliable 3.) Explain for the audience 4.) Exact numbers are not necessary, round them up or down 5.) Use visualization when possible |
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What are 2 types of testimony?
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1.) Expert Testimony - testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
2.) Peer Testimony - Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic |
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what are 5 guidelines to follow when dealing with testimonies?
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1.) Quote exact words if discussed as a quote
2.) Paraphrase is simply citing 3.) Choice a proper source. Dont choose a tennis player for a camera campaign 4.) Consider bias: Dont use a quote from a CEO of a landfill company when discussing the positives of a landfill 5.) Say people by name when quoting or paraphrasing |
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What are the 4 objectives to accomplish with your introduction?
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1.) Get the attention of your audience
2.) Reveal the topic of your speech 3.) Establish your credibility and goodwill (Relate your audience) 4.) Preview the body of your speech (Central Idea/Thesis Statement) |
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What are some way to gain attention and interest in your introduction?
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1.) Relate the topic to the audience
2.) State how important your topic is 3.) Startle the audience 4.) Arouse the curiosity of the audience 5.) Question the audience (Rhetorical questions) 6.) Begin with a quotation 7.) Tell a story |
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What are the 5 purposes of the conclusion
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1.) Provide closure
2.) Reiterate the topic and purpose 3.) Recap main points 4.) Challenge audience to respond -Informative- to use what you have learned -Persuasive- the call to action, what you want them to do now 5.) Make the speech memorable |
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What are 2 way to end a speech?
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1.) Crescendo Ending - A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
2.) Dissolve Ending - A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step-by-step to a dramatic final statement |
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How do you make a conclusion memorable?
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1.) Again, capture attention
-Send them home with a challenge -Drive home the point 2.) End with a quotation 3.) Tell a story, real or hypothetical 4.) Ask a rhetorical question 5.) Appeal emotionally 6.) Point to the future, what comes next 7.) Reference the intro, come full circle |
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What are some tips for a successful intro and conclusion?
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1.) Both should be short and to the point
2.) Both should us ethe same strategy 3.) Consider the appropriateness 4.) Dont leave either as an afterthought 5.) Be mindful of things that could be used as your research topic |
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What are 5 guidelines to follow when preparing your visual aids?
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1.) Prepare visual aids in advance
-proper time to be creative -can use them as practice 2.) Keep visual aids simple -being used to make a point, not to say how creative you are 3.) Make sure visual aids are large enough 4.) Use fonts that are easy to read 4.) Use a limited number of fonts 5.) Use color effectively |
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What are 7 guidelines in presenting your visual aids?
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1.) Avoid using the chalkboard for visual aids
2.) Display visual aids where listeners can see them 3.) Avoid passing visual aids among the audience 4.) Display visual aids only when discussing them 5.) Talk to your audience, not to your visual aid 6.) Explain visual aids clearly and concisely 7.) Practice with your visual aids |
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Explain Main Points
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Also known as guide posts, each should be a single independent idea. Use thesis as guide to selecting points.
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Explain Sub Points
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Also known as the path, it substantiates the main points and other supporting points
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What determines quality of main and sub-main points?
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1.) Unity - use the same wording for each main point, possible the thesis as well
2.) Coherence - logical ordering is easier to follow -main point to main point = coordination -main point to sub main point = subordination 3.) Balance - be sure to dedicate equal amounts of time to each point. One that lacks in time may not be a main point or enough work was not put into developing it |
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What is a connective?
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A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them, thus making the speech more conversational
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What are 4 types of connectives?
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1.) Transitions - a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
2.) Internal Preview - A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next 3.) Internal Summary - A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speakers preceding point or points 4.) Signposts - a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas |
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The Pattern of your arrangement of your speech depends on..
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1.) Your purpose
2.) Your own logic 3.) Your style 4.) Your audience |
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How do you arrange your points from specific to informative?
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1.) Chronological
2.) Spatial 3.) Causal 4.) Structure-function 5.) Topical |
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How do you arrange your points from specific to persuasive?
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1.) Strong Point Structure
2.) Problem-Solution 3.) Circular |
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What are 6 different topic groups for informative speeches?
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1.) people
2.) events 3.) objects 4.) processes 5.) issues 6.) concepts |
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What are 5 principles for clear conveyance of information?
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1.) consider the audiences knowledge
2.) direct message and explicit goal 3.) avoid jargon 4.) concrete explanation 5.) relate information to experience |
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4 ways to understand when conveying information
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1.) Through definition
-operational -negation -example -synonym -Etymology 2.)Description 3.)Demonstration 4.)Explanation |
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3 ways an audience can become confused?
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1.)Difficult concepts or terms
2.)Difficult to envision process/structure 3.)Counterintuitive(against normal reasoning) |
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3 ways to avoid confusion
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1.) Analogies
2.) Visualization 3.) Check for understanding |
