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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the similarities between public speaking and everyda communication?
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1.) You organize you thoughs logically in each.
2.) You tailor your message toward your audience in both. 3.) In both, you are telling a story for maximum impact. 4.) In both, you adapt to listener feedback. |
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What are the differences between public speaking and everyday conversation?
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1.) Public speaking is more highly structured.
2.) Public speaking requires more formal language. 3.) Public speaking requires a different method of delvery. |
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Why s being nervous before a speech good, and how can you transform it into postive nervousness?
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Nervousness is good because it shows you are getting "pysched" for the event. Making it a postive effect can be achieved 6 ways:
1.) Aquire speaking experience 2.) Prepare, Prepare, Prepare 3.) Think Positively 4.) Use the Power of Visilization 5.) Know that most nervousness is not visible 6.) Dont expect perfection |
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What are the 7 elements in the speech making process and how do they interact?
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1.) Speaker, the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener.
2.) Message is whatever is being communicated by the speaker. 3.) Channel is the way in which the speaker chooses to convey his/her message. 4.) Listener is the person who receives the communicated message. 5.) Feedback are the message conveyed from the listener back to the speaker. 6.) Situation is the time and place in which the speech communcation occurs. |
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What is ethnocentrisum?
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The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.
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What is the difference betweeen hearing and listening?
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Hearing is the vibration of sound on our eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain. Listening is actually paying attention to what is being said and making sense of it.
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How is listening connected to critical thinking?
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Listening can actually enhance your critical thinking in 4 ways;
1.) Appeciative listening, in which you listen for pleasure or enjoyment. 2.) Empathic listening, in which you listen to provide emotional support for the peaker. 3.) Comprhensive listening, in which you listen tounderstand the message of a speaker. 4.)Critical listening, in which we listen to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it. |
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What are 4 main causes of poor listening?
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1.) Not concentrating
2.) Listening to Hard 3.) Jumping to Conclusions 4.) Focusing on Delivery and Personal Appearance |
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What are 7 ways of becoming a better listener?
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1.) Take listening seriously
2.) Be an Active Listener 3.) Resist Distractions 4.) Dont be divertd by appearance or delivery 5.) Suspend Judgement 6.) Focus your listening 7.) Develop Note taking skills |
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What are 3 ways to focus your listening?
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1.) Listen for main points
2.) Listen for evidence 3.) Listen for technique |
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What is audience-centeredness?
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Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preperation and presentation
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What are 3 questions to keep in mind during prep of speeeches to be sure to stay audience centered?
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1.) To whom am I speaking?
2.) What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? 3.) What is the most effective way of compromising and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim? |
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What is egocentrisism?
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The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well being.
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What implications does egocentrism hold against you the speaker?
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1.) The listener will hear and judge what you say based on the basis of what they already know and believe.
2.) You must then relate your message to your listeners. |
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What are 6 demographic traits of an audience?
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1.) Age
2.) Gender 3.)Sexual Orientation 4.) Racial, Ethic, and Cultural Backgroun 5.) Religion 6.) Group Membership |
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What is Situational Audience Analysis?
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Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.
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What factors need to be considered in Situational Audience Analysis?
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1.) Size
2.) Physical Setting 3.) Disposition Toward the Topic 4.) Disposition Toward the Speaker 5.) Disposition Toward the Occasion |
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What 3 things should assessed when considering the Disposition toward the Topic?
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1.) Interest in Topic
2.) Knowledge of the Topic 3.) Attitude Toward the Topic |
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What are the 3 types of question used in Questionnairs, explain each, and why should a mixture of all 3 be used in each questionnaire?
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1.) Fixed-alternative questions are quetion in which the question offeres a fixed choice between 2 or more answers.
2.) Scale questions resemble fixed-alternatives, but they allow for a bit more leeway. 3.) Open-ended questions allow for maximum freedom in answering, but allows for the possibility of getting an undesired answer. Since they all have their own positives and negatives, a mixture should be used. |
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How can you adapt to your audience before and during your speech?
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Before the speech you can one, assess how your audience will respond to what you will say and two, tailor what you are saying so that you are as clear, appropriate, and convincing as possible.
During your speech, you may need to talk faster or leave parts out if youve been left with less time. Your audience may bigger or smaller and you may to adjust your delivery. Your audience may be different then what you expected and you may have to adjust visual parts of your speech. You may need to ackknowledge the previous speakers speech and incorporate it into yours. |
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What are 5 important resources for finding what you need in the library?
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1.) Librarians
2.) The Catalogue 3.) Periodical Databases 4.) Newspapers 5.) Reference Works -ex.) Encyclopedias, yearbooks, dictionaries, atlases, etc. |
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What is the difference between Search Engines and Virtual Libraries?
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Search engines are search aids that index web pages and check them for sites that match a researchers request. Virtual libraries uses the same technology but combines it with traditional library methods of cataloging and assesing data.
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What is the invisible web?
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The multitude of web databases and other resources that are not indexed by search engines.
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What are 3 criteria you can use to help distinguish between good and bad resources?
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1.) Authorship
2.) Sponsoship 3.) Recency |
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What are the 3 stages of interviewing and what should be done in each stage for a successful interview?
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1.) Befroe the interview
-Define a purpose of interview -Decide whom to interview -Arrange interview -Decide whether to record interview -Prepare questions 2.) During the interview -Dress appropriately and be on time -Repeat the purpose of the interview -Set up the recorder, if you are using one -Keep interview on track -Listen carefully -Dont overstay your welcome 3.) After the interview -Review notes as soon as possible -Transscribe your notes |
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What 5 things should be done to tke notes efficiently?
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1.) Take plenty of notes
2.) Record notes in a consistant format 3.)Make a separate entry for each note 4.) Distinguish among direct quotations, paraphases, and your ideas 5.) Use index cards if you write notes by hands |
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what 4 brainstorming techniques can be used to help determine a topic?
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1.) Personal Inventory
-Make an inventory of personal experiences, hobbies, skills, ec 2.) Clustering -Create 9 columns: People, Places, Things, Events, Processes, Concepts, Natral Phenomena, Problems, Plans and Policies. Then write the first 5 to 6 things that come to mind for each one. 3.) Reference Search -Browse through numerous resources until you find something that interest you. 4.) Internet Seacrh -Continue making searches until your search is so refind that you have a topic. |
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What are two types of general purposes?
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1.) To Inform - you act as a teacher or leturer. Goal is to convey information
2.) To Persuade - yuo act as an advocate or a partisian. Goal is to change or structure the attitudes or actions of your audience. |
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What are 5 tips for formulating the specific purpose statement?
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1.) Write the pupose statement as a full infiitive phrase, not a a fragment.
2.) Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question. 3.) Avoid figrative language in your purpose statement 4.) Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea 5.) Make sure youur specific purpose is not vague or general |
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What are 5 questions to ask about your specific purpose?
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1.) Does my purpose meet the assignment
2.) Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? 3.) Is the urpose relevant to my audience? 4.) Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? 5.) Is the purpose too technical for my audience? |
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What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea?
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A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech. A central idea is a one sentance statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of the speech.
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What are 4 guidelines for a great central idea?
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1.) Should be expressed in a full sentance
2.) Should not be in the form of a question 3.) Should avoid figurative language 4.) Should not be vague or overly general |
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what are 3 guidelines for being an ethical listener?
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1.) Be Courteous and Attentive
2.) Avoid Prejudging the Speaker 3.) Maintainthe free and open expression of ideas |
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What is incremental plagerism?
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Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people. To avoid it when quoting or paraphrasing, be sure to introduce/indentify the credible author to avoid it.
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What is the difference between global and patchwork plagerism?
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Global plagerism is when you steal entire spech from one source and passing it off as ones own. this occurs mostly with students that wait until the last second to due their speech. The best way to avoid this is to not wait until the last minute.
Patchwork plagerism is when you steal from 2 or 3 sources and piece them together into your own work. To avoid this, be sure to start early and use more than 3 sources. Using only 3 sources limits your source pof information and makes you prone to plagerism. |
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What are 5 guidlines for ethical speaking?
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1.) Make sure your goals are ethically sound
2.) Be fully prepared for each speech 3.) Be honest in what you say 4.) Avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language 5.) Put ethical principles into practice |
