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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Group think (irving janis)
cohesiveness is important--> but too much cohesiveness will lead to a diminishing of the quality |
-inadequate analysis of problem
-limited range of solutions -lack of rigor in assessing consequences of a preferred solution -failure to reconsider initially rejected solutions - inadequate research -biased processing lack on contigency plans |
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Factors that lead to Groupthink 1
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Excessive level of cohesiveness
---hesitant to criticize weak ideas ---dont want to hurt others feelings ---allows group to make stupid and sometimes dangerous decisions |
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Factor that leads to Groupthink 2
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Group Stucture
---group isolated from information of not being exposed to differing points of view or opinions ---biased authoritartian leader ----group does not have established procedure for making decisions |
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Factor that leads to groupthink 3
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nature of situation
----stress created by outside pressure to solve problems |
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Major symptoms of groupthink
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-group overestimates its power and importance
-group believes tht its side is right and those who oppose them are evil - closed-mindedness - great pressure towards consensus |
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strategies fo avoiding groupthink
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-leader encourages members to voice concerns, objections, etc.
-leader presents task in unbiased manner - divide group into subgroups to work on the same sections independently - get reactions from outside person - nongroup members to the organizations should be brought into meetings to play devils advocate. - if the decisions involve scenarios of the rivals possible reaction should be considered - a "last chance" meeting should be held |
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Major theoretic proposition for Groupthink
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there is a curvilinear relationship between increases of cohesiveness and productivity.
---a degree of cohesiveness is necessary or cooperative work on task ---but excessive cohesiveness leads to groupthink |
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Strengths of Groupthink
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basic theoretic ideas are sound
---gave many practical suggestions for avoiding groupthink. |
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functional theory of groupthink
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first to describe the steps of problem solving
--initial formulatin of 12-13 steps -- current formulation has 5-7 steps |
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Steps to problem solving
(Functional theory of groupthink) |
1.) define the problem
2.) identify the cause 3.) determine criteria that a solution must satisfy --eg attack the cause, be economically practical, be implemented in a certain amount of time, etc. 4.) present proposed solution 5.) evaluate solutions in terms of criteria 6.) select the best solution |
