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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
disintermediation
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the process of delivering a product or service directly to the consumer
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feedback
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the responses of the reciever that shape and alter subsequent messages from the source
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gatekeepers
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individuals who decide whether a given message will be distributed by a mass medium
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interpersonal communication
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a method of communication in which on person/group interacts with another person/group without the aid of a mechanical device
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machine-assisted interpersonal communication
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a method of communication involving one or more persons and a mechanical device(s) with one or more recievers
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mass communication
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the process by which a complex organization, with the aid of one or more machines, produces and transmits public messages that are directed at large, heterogenous, and scattered audiences
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beware surveillance
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a media function that occurs when the media inform the public of short-term, long-term, or chronic threats
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catharsis
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a release of pent-up emotion or energy
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critical/cultural approach
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analytical technique that examines power relationships in society and focuses on meanings people find in texts
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functional approach
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methodology that holds something is best understood by examining how it is used
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instrument surveillance
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a media function that occurs when the media transmit information that is useful and helpful in everyday life
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parasocial relationship
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a situation whereby audience members develop a sense of friendship or kinship with media personalities
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social utility
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the media function that addresses an individual's need to affiliate with family, friends, and others in society
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status conferral
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a process by which media attention bestows a degree of prominence on certain issues or individuals
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surveillance
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the news and information function of the mass media
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penny press
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the mass-appeal press of the early 19th century
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public journalism
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the philosophy that newspapers should try to solve civic problems as well as report the news
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subsidiary rights
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rights given by a publisher to others, allowing them to reproduce certain content
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Communications Act of 1934
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Act of Congress creating the FCC
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FCC
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a regulatory agency, composed of 5 individuals appointed by the president, whose responsibilites include broadcast and wire regulation
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payola
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bribes of gifts and money paid to DJs by record companies in order to gain favorable airplay for their releases
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Prime-Time Access Rule
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Rule adopted in 1970 intended to extend program diversity by barring network programs from the 7:30-8:00 pm (EST) time slot
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Public Broadcasting Act of 1967
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Congressional act that established the Public Broadcasting Service
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tracking studies
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study that examines how ads perform during or after a campaign
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cease-and-desist order
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a FTC order notifying an advertiser that a certain practice violates the law; failure to comply with order can result in fines being levied against the advertiser
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consent order
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FTC in which the advertiser agrees to halt a certain advertising practice without admitting any violation of the law
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defamation
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the act of harming the reputation of another by publishing false information
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Equal Opportunites Rule
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Part of the Communications act of 1934; Section 315 allows bona fide candidates for public office to gain access to broadcast medium during political campaigns
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Fairness Doctrine
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Now defunct FCC doctrine that require broadcast stations to provide various points of view on a controversial issue
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Hicklin rule
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long-standing obscenity standard based upon whether a book or other item contains isolated passages that might deprave or corrupt the mind of the most susceptible person
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libel
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written defamation that tends to injure a person's reputation or good name or that diminishes the esteem, respect, or goodwill due a person
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libel per quod
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written material that becomes libelous under certain circumstances
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libel per se
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falsely written accusations (such as labeling a person a "thief" or a "swindler") that automatically constitute libel
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prior restraint
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an attempt by the government to censor the press by restraining it from publishing or broadcasting material
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shield laws
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legislation that defines the rights of a reporter to protect sources
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slander
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spoken defamation
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Telecommunications Act of 1996
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Major revision of US communication laws that affected broadcasting, cable, and telephone industries:
-removed limits on number of radio stations owned by one person/organization -removed limits on number of TV stations own if less than 35% of market -extended broadcast license to 8 years -allowed TV/telephone to enter telephone/TV business -deregulated TV rates -ordered creation of a V-Chip and a rating system |
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environmental noise
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sources of noise external to the communication process but that still interfere
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mechanical noise
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when there's a problem with a machine being used to assist communication
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semantic noise
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occurs when different people have different meanings for different words or phrases
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acculturation
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in a media context, the tendency of reporters or other media professionals to adopt the ideas and attitudes of the groups they cover or with which they have a great deal of contact
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social responsibility theory
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belief that the press has a responsibility to preserve democracy by properly informing the public and by responding to society's needs
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agenda building
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the ways media decide what is newsworthy
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agenda-setting effect
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influence of the mass media created by emphasizing certain topics, thus causing people to perceive those same issues as important
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cultivation analysis
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area of research that examines whether television and other media encourage perceptions of reality that are more consistent with media portrayals than with actuality
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resonance
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in cultivation analysis, the situation in which a respondent's life experiences are reinforced by what is seen on TV, thus reinforcing the effect of TV content
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stimulation theory
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theory that suggests viewing violence will actually stimulate an individual to behave more violently
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