Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Front 1

Who was the creator of cognitive therapy?

Back 1

Aaron Beck

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What is the conception of a human being in cognitive therapy?

Back 2

human beings interpret the environment through thinking, interpretation, and evaluation

depending on how they interpret=different views

feelings and behaviors are a result of process

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main idea of cognitive therapy?

Back 3

cognition is at the core of human experience

emotions and behaviors are results of cognitions

cognition shapes experience

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three levels of thought in cognitive therapy

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automatic thoughts: reaction to something happening in your life. very frequent and specific to situation. may easily be destroyed. can distort

intermediate beliefs: goals for yourself, rules of reality (how reality should be), easy to distort, assume them to be correct and dont question them. deeper than automatic thoughts but influence them

nuclear beliefs: schemas, they imply beliefs about ourselves and others, they will influence behavior, considered absolute truth, if nuclear belief is disfunctional, intermediate belief will be too

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depression triad in cognitive therapy

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negative thoughts about self : "I'm worthless"

negative thoughts about future: "I'm hopeless"

negative thoughts about world: "Nobody likes me"

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conception of pathology in cognitive therapy?

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problems caused by distorted ways of viewing the environment, distorted illogical cognitions are the root

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arbitrary inference in cognitive therapy

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reaching a conclusion about something without any evidence

"I'm going to fail the semester" (said before any tests have been taken)

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catastrophizing in cognitive therapy

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putting more emphasis on failures rather than successes, predict a negative outcome for future, take into account no other positive outcomes

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personalization in cognitive therapy

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attributing to yourself something you had no control over, taking responsibility for something that is not your fault

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blaming in cognitive therapy

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something you are responsible for you hold other people responsible

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dichotomus thinking in cognitive therapy

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thinking in extreme terms "This ALWAYS happens"

thinking all or nothing "This NEVER happens"

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filtering in cognitive therapy

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in an experience you only select the negative aspects and forget the positive ones at the expense of a fuller picture

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main objectives of cognitive therapy?

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1. identify automatic thoughts and intermediate beliefs

2. analyze the impact of those beliefs

3. recognize thinking patterns

4. challenge and change cognitive distortions

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main techniques for cognitive therapy?

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cognitive reconstruction

problem solving training: sharing a method for assessing situations without distorting reality

behavioral experiments: making individual challenge his own thought in reality

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main goals of cognitive behavioral therapy

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assess patients beliefs, concentrate more on thoughts, teach internal development,

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process of cognitive behavioral therapy

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assessment, problem, functional analysis, intervention plan (treatment), results

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three parts of functional analysis in cognitive behavioral therapy

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discriminative stimuli: what activates behavior (before)

response: can be either: psychiological, motor/behavior, cognitive, emotional

reinforcement: increases the future occurrence of this behavior

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treatment/intervention plan for cognitive behavioral therapy

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relaxation, phychoeducation, systematic desensitization, problem solving training, techniques of activity programming, cognitive reconstruction, reality testing, gratifying activities program

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who developed REBT

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Albert Ellis

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fundamental ideas of REBT

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people use irrational thoughts to question environment-to them they are facts

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conception of pathology REBT

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confuse needs and irrational beliefs, people confuse needs as wants (often they think they need things they want)

ex: I NEED to graduate to be successful

irrational beliefs

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rational beliefs of REBT

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non-dogmatic preferences: I want to be approved of, but I don't have to be

non-awfulising: It is bad to be disapproved of, but it isn't the end of the world

high frustration tolerance: it is difficult to face being disapproved of, but I can tolerate it

acceptance: I can accept myself if I am disapproved of

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irrational ideas of REBT

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inconsistent with reality, regulate behavior, if manage to change irrational ideas, change our emotional responses

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irrational beliefs of REBT

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rigid demands: I must be approved of

awfulising: if I am disapproved of, it's the end of the world

low frustration tolerance: I can't tolerate being disapproved of

depreciation: I am worthless if I am disapproved

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goals of REBT

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challenge and change irrational beliefs

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ABC-DE

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A-Activating event (or situation)

B-Beliefs (irrational beliefs)

C-Consequences (consequent emotion and/or behavior)

D-Dispute of irrational beliefs (discussion and questioning)

E-Effective new thinking (replacement for functional beliefs)

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strategies of REBT

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analyze facts: what are the facts of the idea? is it based on true facts?

analyze the logic, logic order and coherence: is it coherent? does it resist confrontation? what else might be happening?

functional argumentation: what will happen if i continue with this pattern of thinking? what outcome are you generating with your reaction?