Cog Psych 3

Front 1

Letters are read more easily when they are embedded in words when they are presented either in isolation or with letters that do not form words.

Back 1

Word-Superiority Effect

Front 2

The process by which we translate sensory info into a meaningful representation that we perceive. This representation is based on our understanding of the meanings of words.

Back 2

Semantic encoding

Front 3

characteristic patterns across language of various culture.

Back 3

Linguistic universals

Front 4

both languages are represented in a unified cognitive system.

Back 4

Single system hypothesis for bilingualism

Front 5

Each language is represented in a seperate cognitive system.

Back 5

dual system hypothesis for bilingualism

Front 6

a regional variety of a language distinguished by features such a vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation.

Back 6

Dialect

Front 7

communicate in a way that makes it easy for our
listener to understand what we mean

Back 7

Cooperative principle

Front 8

the study of how people use language

Back 8

Pragmatics

Front 9

stereotype sequence of actions

- Props
- Roles
- Opening Conditions
- Scenes
- Results

Back 9

Script

Front 10

utterances according to the theory can be classified as the type of speech they represent.

Categories: Representative Directive Commissive Expressive Declaration

Back 10

Speech Acts

Front 11

are errors in which sounds or entire words are rearranged between two or more different words

Back 11

Slips of the tongue

Front 12

Tailored not to overly offend or impose upon the listener

Back 12

Indirect request

Front 13

juxtapose two nouns in a way that positively asserts their similarities, while not disconfirming their dissimilarities

Back 13

Metaphor

Front 14

strict dictionary definition

Back 14

denotation

Front 15

“oral expression that explores the production of
all the possible phonemes humans can produce.”

Back 15

cooing

Front 16

one-word utterances that are meant to convey one’s intentions, desires, and demands.

Back 16

holophrases

Front 17

erroneously extending the meaning of words in the existing lexicon to cover things and ideas for which a new word is lacking. ie= all men are called Dada

Back 17

overextension

Front 18

imitation of vocalizations without changing for the different tenses, etc...ie- the mices fells down the hole.

Back 18

Overregularization

Front 19

The study of meaning in a language.

Back 19

Semantic

Front 20

is the system of rules for combining the various units of speech.

Back 20

syntax

Front 21

rules that establish the way words can be combined into meaningful phrases & sentences

Back 21

grammar

Front 22

We have some mental mechanism
for classifying words according to syntactical categories and is separate from meaning.

Back 22

phrase-structure

Front 23

(Chomsky): People understand a sentence by transforming the surface structure into a basic, deep structure or KERNEL.

Back 23

transformational grammar

Front 24

(motherese): use of a higher pitch than normal to exaggerate vocal inflections of speech (also includes using simpler sentences & easier vocabulary)

Back 24

Child directed speech

Front 25

the child’s language pattern and vocabulary reflect
that of the people around him/her.

Back 25

Nurture: imitation

Front 26

language is acquired through the OPERANT CONDITIONING PROCESS

Back 26

Nurture: conditioning

Front 27

process by which we identify words based on letter combination. We thereby activate our memory in regard to the words.

Back 27

Lexical access

Front 28

ACT* represented in the form of production system

Back 28

Procedural Knowledge

Front 29

alternative model for representing declarative knowledge comprised of a web of interconnected elements (network), nodes representing concepts, and links indicating the nature of the relationship.

Back 29

Semantic Network

Front 30

represent concepts, connections between them are
labeled relationships which might involve category membership

Back 30

Node

Front 31

required entire set of rules (production) for executing the task or for using a skill

Back 31

Production & Production System

Front 32

fundamental unit of symbolic knowledge - an idea about something. Used to Classify,
Efficient communication,
Learn others, Create new knowledge

Back 32

Concept

Front 33

Mental framework for representing knowledge.

Back 33

Schema

Front 34

a particular type of schema for representing some stereotyped sequence of events.

Back 34

Script

Front 35

(Adaptive Control of Thought): model that attempts to account for all of cognition
1. PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE represented in the form of production system
2. DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE represented in the form of propositional network

Back 35

ACT*

Front 36

spreading of activation from one node to another, activation weaker as it fans out

Back 36

Spreading Activation

Front 37

proposed conception of schemas

Back 37

Frame

Front 38

Mental
structure within which parallel processing is believed to occur
in the network

Back 38

Parallel Distributed Processing

Front 39

the smallest unit of sound in a spoken language

Back 39

phonemes

Front 40

smallest meaningful unit of language

Back 40

morphemes

Front 41

Entire set of morphemes in a given language

Back 41

lexicon

Front 42

words that convey the bulk of the meaning

Back 42

Content Morphemes

Front 43

morphemes that add detail and nuance to the meaning of the content morpheme

Back 43

Function Morphemes